英语国家概况修订版chapter17.ppt

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1、AGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries英语国家概况AustraliaGovernmentandSociety英语国家概况Chapter17CONTENTIPeopleIIEconomyIIIEducationIVGovernmentGovernmentGovernmentsystem:reflectsboththeBritishandNorthAmericanmodelsofliberaldemocracybutwithuniqueAustraliancharacteristicsThreebranches:thele

2、gislature,theexecutiveandthejudicialTheheadofState:QueenPopulation:about22.9millionin2013MulticulturalSociety:DiversityofPopulationDiversityofLanguageDiversityofReligionImmigrationintoAustraliaWhiteOnlyPolicyAsianAustraliansPeoplePeopleAustralianAboriginespeoplewhoseancestors

3、wereindigenoustotheAustraliancontinentbeforeBritishcolonizationofthecontinentbeganin1788TheoriginofAboriginalpeoplesinAustraliahasbeenthesubjectofintensespeculationsincethenineteenthcentury.Untilrecently,notheoryofmigrationhadgainedwideacceptance.About20%oflandinNorthernAustr

4、aliaisnowAboriginal-owned3.2NaturalResources3.1GeneralReview3.3Tourism3.4PlantsandAnimalsEconomyWestern-stylecapitalisteconomyGDP:foreigntrade:Europe,America,AsianCommunitymanufacturing:12.5%amajorexporter:agriculturalproducts(wool,beefandmutton)minerals(suchasiron-oreandgold

5、)tourism(11%oftotalexportearnings)3.1GeneralReviewMinerals:atremendousimpactonthecountry'shistoryandpatternsofsettlementEnergy:exporterAgriculture:oneoftheworld’slargestproducersoffood,butthelowestpercentageofcultivatableareaFishery:agreatvarietyofmarinelife3.2NaturalResource

6、s3.2NaturalResourcesAustralianplantandanimalspeciesItisestimatedthattherearearound27,700differentplantsnativetoAustralia.AlthoughmostofAustraliaissemi-aridordesert,itincludesadiverserangeofhabitats.AustralianforestsaremostlymadeupofevergreenspeciesAmongwell-knownAustralianani

7、malsarethemonotremes(单孔类动物)(theplatypus(鸭嘴兽)andechidna(针鼹));ahostofmarsupials(有袋类动物),includingthekangaroo(袋鼠),koala(考拉),andwombat(袋熊)CoastallandscapeEnjoytheJourneyNaturalwondersCitytrip3.3Tourism3.3TourismAmusementandthemeparksagroupofentertainmentattractions,rides,andothere

8、ventsinalocationfortheenjoymentoflargenumbersofpeopleThemeparks,aspe