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1、二、1、炎症：inflammation2、内脏的：Viscreal3、预计，预测：estimate4、子宫破裂：Uterinerupture5、死亡数、死亡率：mortality6、缺氧：Hypoxia7、并发症：complication8、流行性感冒：Epidemicinfluence9、常规的，一般的：regular10、腹膜炎：Peritonitis11、冠心病：coronarydisease12、生长因子：Growthfactor13、免疫接种：immunization14、胰腺炎：pencre

2、atitis15、心电图：electrocardiogram16、脊髓：spinalcord17、移植：transplantation18、心源性猝死：suddencardicdisease19、低氧：hypoxemia20、干细胞：stemcell三、1、Inthemanagementofthepregnanttraumapatient,thecriticalpointisthatresuscitationofthefetusisaccomplishedbyresuscitationofthemoth

3、er.Thereforetheinitialevaluationandtreatmentofthepregnantinjuredpatientisidenticaltothatofthenonpregnantinjuredpatient.Rapidassessmentofthematernalairway,breathing,andcirculationandensuringanadequateairwayavoidsmaternalandfetalhypoxia.Inthelaterstagesofp

4、regnancy,asalreadydescribed,uterinecompressionofthevenacavamayresultinhypotensionfromdiminishedvenousreturn,sothepregnanttraumapatientshouldbeplacedinleftlateraldecubitusposition.Ifspinalcordinjuryissuspectedthepatientmaybesecuredtoabackboardwithpregnanc

5、yhasimportantimplicationsinthetraumapatient.Signsofbloodlosssuchastachycardiaandhypotensionmaybedelayeduntilthepatientlosesnearly30%ofherbloodvolume.Asaresult,thefetusmaybeexperiencinghypoperfusionfluidresuscitationshouldbeadministeredeveninthepregnantpa

6、tientwhoisnormotensive.在处理孕期创伤病人时，关键点是胎儿的复苏能够通过母亲的复苏来实现．因此，孕期创伤病人最初的评估和治疗跟非孕期受伤病人是一样的．对孕妇气道、呼吸和循环的快速评估并确保足够的通气能够避免母婴低氧血症。在妊娠晚期，如被描述的那样，子宫压迫腔静脉使静脉回流减少可导致低血压，所以孕期创伤病人应该置于左侧卧位。如果怀疑脊髓受损，那么应该把病人固定在脊骨矫正板上后再向左侧倾斜。妊娠期血容量增加在外伤病人中是一个重要暗示。失血体征比如心动过速和低血压直到病人失血量达到全血的

7、30%才会出现。这样一来，胎儿可能在母亲出现任何征象很久之前就已经处于低灌注状态了，补液复苏甚至在血压正常的妊娠病人中也应尽早和尽快地执行。2、Postoperativesurgicalcomplicationsrepresentoneofthemostfrustratinganddifficultoccurrencesexperiencedbysurgeonswhodoasignificantvolumeofsurgery.Regardlessofhowtechnicallygifted,bright

8、,andcapableasurgeonis,surgicalcomplicationsareavirtuallyguaranteedaspectoflife.ThecostofsurgicalcomplicationsintheUnitedStatestodayrunsintomillionsofdollarsandisassociatedwithlostworkproductivity,disruptionofnormalfamilyli