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1、SurgicalTreatmentofHeartDiseases心脏疾病theancientEgyptians,everythingcamefromtheheart:thethoughts,theactions,thetearsandeventhesperm.theheartwastheseatofthesoul,thereforeshouldnotbehandled.十九世纪末至二十世纪初心包炎手术被认为是“胆量过人”的手术。绝大多数外科医生对心脏禁区敬而远之。蜚声世界的外科大师持坚决的反对态度.直到上世纪初，最富于想象力的科幻作家也未曾萌发在心脏上
2、施行手术的念头—心脏是外科医生的最后禁区！"SurgeryofthehearthasprobablyreachedthelimitssetbyNaturetoallsurgery.Nomethod,nonewdiscovery,canovercomethenaturaldifficultiesthatattendawoundoftheheart,"1896年StephenPaget爵士：1883年TheoderBillroth："Asurgeonwhotriestosutureaheartwounddeservestolosetheesteemofhi
3、scolleagues,"GermansurgeonTheodorBillroth.(1829-1894)the"seedandsoil"theory但是，权威们的“结论”并没有使勇敢者停止探索的脚步！1896年，德国的Rehn成功地为一位22岁女性心脏刀刺伤的病人进行了右心室的缝合；1913年，Rehn施行了心包剥脱术；(1849–1930)LudwigWilhelmCarlRehn心脏外科发展史上第一人Fromthenon,themythandrespectoftheheartwasbroken,andthesacrosanctseatofthes
4、oulwasopentosurgery.theyear1896isconsideredbymanyhistoriansasthebirthdayofcardiacsurgery.AlexisCarrel(1873～1944)thefatherofvascularsurgeryThepioneeroforgantransplantationIn1912,hewasthefirstpersoninAmericatobeawardedtheNobelPrizeforPhysiologyandMedicine,inspiteofbeingFrench.1902
5、1912TheodoreTuffier(1857-1929)intratrachealanesthesia1896pulmonaryresection1891experimentalcardiacsurgeryThepioneerofcaridiacandthoracicsurgeryThefirstattempttoopenastenoticheartvalveinahumanwascarriedoutbyDr.TheodoreTuffier,aFrenchsurgeon,onJuly13,1912.(July30,1888-August16,194
6、7)ElliottCutler1923,theworld’sfirstsuccessfulheartvalvesurgeryTeratomyknifeA12-year-oldgirlsufferedfromrheumaticfever.SirHenrySouttar(1875-1964)SurgeonTheLondonHospitalHenrySouttar经左心耳行二尖瓣狭窄交界分离术；1925,theworld’sfirstsuccessfulcommissurotomyRobertE.Gross,In1938Dr.RobertEdwardGros
7、sattheChildren'sHospitalinBostonperformedthefirstoperationforpatentductusarteriosus."youknowLorraine,ifyoudidn'tsurviveIwouldhaveendedupbeingafarmer.——开创手术治疗先天性心脏病的先河；Thepioneerofcongenitalheartdiseasesurgery尽管取得了成功，但外科医生仍在心脏的大门外徘徊。切开心脏，在直视下从容不迫地矫正心内畸形，成了许多外科医生所憧憬的理想。体外循环技术的诞生——
8、年轻的JohnGibbon医生为打开心脏禁区的大门做出了杰出的贡献。1953年5月6日是一个值
