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1、第8讲科技翻译（1）ScienceandTechnologyTranslationEnglishforscienceandtechnologyByDr.RamakantaSahuAssociateProfessorFacultyofEducationMahweetOverthepastfewyears,therehasbeenasteadyincreaseinfocusontheuseofaspecializedvarietyofEnglishforspecificdisciplines.Thisisbroadlyknownasregister-basedEnglishorEn
2、glishforspecialpurposes(ESP).M.A.K.Halliday,aprominentlinguist,defines‘register’as‘languagedistinguishedaccordingto‘use’notto‘user’.WithinthebroadframeworkofgeneralEnglish,registerbaseduseofEnglishformsasubsetwherethereishighcorrelationbetweenlinguisticfeaturesandsubjectmatter.Examplesofregi
3、sterbaseduseofEnglishare:EnglishforScienceandTechnology(EST),EnglishforBusinessandTrade(EBT),LegalEnglish,ReligiousEnglishandsoforth.Inscienceandtechnology,languageisusedtodefine,classify,report,explain,andprove.ClarityofconceptsandlogicalthinkingareveryimportantcornerstonesofscientificEngli
4、sh.ThecentralconcernofESTistheaccessibilityofknowledge.‘WethusneedarhetoricthatrevealshowknowledgeismappedintotheprintandsoundsystemofEnglish.’ (KeithJones1975)Thelanguagehereservesapurelyreferentialpurpose.Objectivityandimpersonaltonearethewatchwordsinscienceandtechnology.Mostoftenitisconce
5、rnedwiththereferentialorpropositionalmeaningoflanguageandnotwiththepragmaticorasocio-linguisticmeaning.Obviously,thelanguageinscienceandtechnologyisvaluedforobjective,propositionalcontent,whereaninterrogativestructuremeansaquestionandadeclarationisembeddedinastatement.Englishforscienceandtec
6、hnologyisavarietyoflanguageusage.Herethelanguageismanifestedinacertainwayintheexpressionofconceptsandproceduresthatcharacterizesthestudyofscienceandtechnology.Hencewordsareprimarilyassociatedwith,whatMAKHallidaycalls,“theheuristicandrepresentationalfunctions”ascontrastedwith“personalandinter
7、actionalfunction.”ThereforewordsusedinEnglishforscienceandtechnologyhavetobeimmunetoanyculturalassociationsorimplications.Thereisahighdegreeofcorrelationbetweengrammaticalstructuresandthepurposeoflanguage.Asfarasthestyleofwritingisconcerned,thereis
