(人卫7版微生物)chapter1 绪论ppt课件.ppt

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1、MedicalMicrobiologyIntrodutionIntroductionMicroorganisms(Microbes)MicrobiologyMedicalMicrobiologyMicroorganisms(Microbes)Whataremicroorganisms?Categoriesofmicroorganisms.RelationshipbetweenmicroorganismandHumanbeings.DefinitionMicroorganismsormicrobesaregenerallyregardedaslivingformsthata

2、remicroscopicorsubmicroscopicinsizeandrelativelysimple,usuallyunicellularinstructure.Theyaretoosmalltobeseenwithnakedeyes.Viruses,bacteria,fungi,protozoaandsomealgaeareallinthiscategorybacteriafungivirusesprotozoaalgaeinfluenzavirusSARScoronavirusBovinespongiformencephalopathyCreutzfeldt-

3、jakobdiseasePrion(proteinaciousinfectiousparticles)MicroorganismsDistributionofmicroorganismsAirSoilWaterAnimalsHumanbodyDistributionofmicroorganism100m300m1400m2100m3150m4050m6000mBacteriaandrelatedorganisms(rickettsiae,chlamydiamycoplasmas,spirochaetes)prokaryoticFungieukaryoticVirusesn

4、ocellstructureCategoriesofMicroorganismsCharacteristicsofprokaryotesNonuclearmembrane,nucleolusRibosomeasuniqueorganellesBothDNAandRNAbacteria.mycoplasmas,chlamydiae,rickettsiae,spirochaetesandactinomycetesanthraxbacillusdiphtheriabacillusBacteriaRickettsiae(RockyMountainspottedfever)tick

5、Treponema--syphilisTrachomaChronicinfectionorrepeatedinfectioninflammationandfollicleformationinvolvingtheentireconjunctivaChlamydialkerato-conjunctivitismycoplasmapneumoniae'primaryatypicalpneumoniaCharacteristicsofeukaryoticmicrobesHavenuclearmembrane,nucleolusOrganellesareconsummateCha

6、racteristicsofvirusSmallestmicrobeNotypicalcellularandenzymaticsystemsofrespirationandphotosynthesisLivinginalivecellsOnekindofnucleicacidFig.EMofPoxvirusScalebar=100nmCharacteristicsofthreecategoriesofmicrobesCharacteristicProkaryoticBacterialEukaryoticVirusFungalDNAwithinanuclearmembran

7、eNoYesNoMitoticdivisionNoYesNoDNAassociatedwithhistonesNoYesNoChromosomenumber1＞1DNA/RNAMembrane-boundorganellesNoYesNoSizeofribosome70S80SNoCellwallcontainingpeptidoglycanYesNoNoRelationshipbetweenMicroorganismandHumanBeingsMicroorganismsandHumanBeingsBeneficialact