利用Excel进行统计分析-Chapter 9-Fundamentals of Hypothesis Testingppt课件.ppt

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1、StatisticsforManagersUsingMicrosoft®Excel5thEditionChapter9FundamentalsofHypothesisTesting:OneSampleTests1LearningObjectivesInthischapter,youwilllearn:ThebasicprinciplesofhypothesistestingHowtousehypothesistestingtotestameanorproportionTheassumptionsofeachhypothesis-testingproce

2、dure,howtoevaluatethem,andtheconsequencesiftheyareseriouslyviolatedHowtoavoidthepitfallsinvolvedinhypothesistestingEthicalissuesinvolvedinhypothesistesting2TheHypothesisAhypothesisisaclaim(assumption)aboutapopulationparameter:populationmeanpopulationproportionExample:Themeanmonthl

3、ycellphonebillofthiscityisμ=$52Example:Theproportionofadultsinthiscitywithcellphonesisπ=.683TheNullHypothesis,H0Statestheassumption(numerical)tobetestedExample:ThemeannumberofTVsetsinU.S.Homesisequaltothree.Isalwaysaboutapopulationparameter,notaboutasamplestatistic.4TheNullHypothe

4、sis,H0BeginwiththeassumptionthatthenullhypothesisistrueSimilartothenotionofinnocentuntilprovenguiltyItreferstothestatusquoAlwayscontains“=”,“≤”or“”signMayormaynotberejected5TheAlternativeHypothesis,H1Istheoppositeofthenullhypothesise.g.,ThemeannumberofTVsetsinU.S.homesisnotequal

5、to3(H1:μ≠3)ChallengesthestatusquoNevercontainsthe“=”,“≤”or“”signMayormaynotbeprovenIsgenerallythehypothesisthattheresearcheristryingtoprove6TheHypothesisTestingProcessClaim:Thepopulationmeanageis50.H0:μ=50,H1:μ≠50Samplethepopulationandfindsamplemean.PopulationSample7TheHypothesis

6、TestingProcessSupposethesamplemeanagewasX=20.Thisissignificantlylowerthantheclaimedmeanpopulationageof50.Ifthenullhypothesisweretrue,theprobabilityofgettingsuchadifferentsamplemeanwouldbeverysmall,soyourejectthenullhypothesis.Inotherwords,gettingasamplemeanof20issounlikelyifthepop

7、ulationmeanwas50,youconcludethatthepopulationmeanmustnotbe50.8TheHypothesisTestingProcessSamplingDistributionofXμ=50IfH0istrueIfitisunlikelythatyouwouldgetasamplemeanofthisvalue......thenyourejectthenullhypothesisthatμ=50.20...ifinfactthiswerethepopulationmean…X9TheTestStatistica

8、ndCriticalValuesIfthesamplemeani