大学无机化学课件汇总整理.ppt

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1、Keyconceptsandequations：S–solubilityCommonioneffectvssalteffect—solubilityproductconstantmn)m()n(SS=Theproductsolubilityrulevsmn)m()n(SS=InorganicChemistry–2016FallReviewforPreviousChapter6.Precipitation-SolubilityEquilibria1Dissolvingprecipitatescanbeachievedb

2、yacids(basesorammoniumsalts),complexationreaction,redoxreaction,oxidation-coordinationreaction,etc.Fractionalprecipitation2Howtomodifytheelectrodepotential?Chapter7RedoxReactionsandElectrochemistryInorganicChemistry–2016Fall3Chapter7RedoxReactionsandElectrochem

3、istry§7.1Thefundamentalconceptsofredoxreactions§7.2Electrochemicalcells§7.3Electrodepotentials§7.4Applicationofelectrodepotentials4§7.1Thefundamentalconceptsofredoxreactions7.1.1Oxidationnumbers（化合价）7.1.2Balancingredoxequationsusingion-electronmethod57.1.1Oxid

4、ationnumbersOxidationnumber：thenumberofchargestheatomwouldhaveinamolecular(oranioniccompound)ifelectronsweretransferredcompletely.Redoxreactionsareconsideredelectron-transferreactions。)s(Cu)aq(Zn)s(Zn)aq(Cu22++++）g（2HCl）g（Cl）g(H22+6Theguidelinefordeterminingthe

5、oxidationnumberofanelementinasubstance：①Infreeelements,eachatomhasanoxidationnumberofzero.②Forionsconsistingofasingleatom,theoxidationnumberisequaltothechargeontheion.③Theoxidationnumberofhydrogenis+1,exceptwhenitisboundedtometalsinbinarycompound.Inthesecases,i

6、tsoxidationnumberis–1.7④Theoxidationnumberofoxygeninmostcompoundis–2;butinperoxidesoxygencanhaveanoxidationnumberof–1.Oxygencanalsohavepositiveoxidationnumberswhencombinedwithfluorine.Forexample,theoxidationnumberofoxygenis+2inOF2and+1inO2F2.8Example：⑤Thealgebr

7、aicsumoftheoxidationnumbersinaneutralcompoundmustbezero；inapolyatomicion,thesummustbeequaltotheioncharge.9Theprinciplesofbalancingredoxequations：①chargebalance：thesumoftheelectronsgainedbyoxidizingagentequalsthesumoftheelectronslostbyreducingagent.②massbalance:

8、thesumofthenumbersoftheatomsbeforetheredoxreactionoccursisequaltothatoftheatomswhenthereactionisfinished.7.1.2Balancingredoxequationsusingion-electronmethod10Thegeneralappr