大学无机化学课件汇总整理 .ppt

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1、ReviewforPreviousChapter5.Acid-BaseEquilibrium：Bronstedacid/baseLewisacid/baseIonproductconstantofwaterpHscale=)}OH(-{c)}(OH3+{c14ppOHpH==+InorganicChemistry–2016Fall1percentionization(a)BuffersolutionpHofabuffersolutionDissociation/stabilityconstantforcomplexes1dfKK=2Chapter6Precipitation-Solubi

2、lityEquilibriaInorganicChemistry–2016FallHowtodissolveprecipitate?3Chapter6Precipitation-SolubilityEquilibria*§6.3Equilibriabetweentwoprecipitates§6.2Forminganddissolvingofprecipitates§6.1Solubilityandsolubilityproduct4§6.1Solubilityandsolubilityproduct6.1.3Relationshipbetweensolubilityandsolub

3、ilityproduct6.1.2Solubilityproduct6.1.1Solubility5Solubilityisthemaximumamountofsolutethatwilldissolveinagivenquantityofsolventwhendynamicequilibriumisestablishedbetweenundissolvedsoluteandthesolutionataspecifictemperature.Weusuallyusethesymbol“S”toexpressit.Solubilityusuallyisexpressedasgramsofs

4、oluteper100gofwater(g/100g)foraqueoussolution.6.1.1Solubility6Theprocesswhichinvolvesthedissolutionandprecipitationofaninsolubleelectrolyteoccurswhenitisaddedtowateratacertaintemperature.6.1.2Solubilityproduct7Whentherateofprecipitationisequaltotherateofdissolving,adynamicmultiphaseequilibriumise

5、stablished.Forgeneralprecipitationreactions：—solubilityproductconstant(aq)mB(aq)nA(s)BAnmmn-++mnnmmn)}(B{)}(A{)B(A-+=cc)}(SO)}{(Ba{)BaSO(2424-+=ccorsimply：])/(SO][)/(Ba[)BaSO(2424-+=cccc86.1.3RelationshipbetweensolubilityandthesolubilityproductnSmSnm-++(aq)mB(aq)nA(s)BAmnmn)m()n(SS=ABS=:Theconve

6、rsionbetweenandsolubilityBecauseconcentrationsintheexpressionmustinmolarityandtheunitofsolubilityisgsolute/100gwater,Soweneedconvertthesolubilitydatatomolarity(mol·L－1).9Example：ThesolubilityofAgClisfoundexperimentallytobe1.92×10-3g·L-1at25oC.CalculatethevalueofforAgCl./mol.L-1SSEquilibrium3.143M

7、r(AgCl)=Answer：Weknow1313Lmol1034.1Lmol3.1431092.1----×=×=S)aq(Cl(aq)AgAgCl(s)-++1021080.1)}Cl()}{Ag({)AgCl(--+×===Scc102)L/(mol1xx-Equi.42331.7)CrOMr(Ag=Example：TheforAg2CrO4is1.1×10-12at25oC.Calculatethesolubility