平狄克微观经济学第七章课件.ppt

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1、Chapter7TheCostofProductionTopicstobeDiscussedMeasuringCost:WhichCostsMatter?CostintheShortRunCostintheLongRunLong-RunVersusShort-RunCostCurvesTopicstobeDiscussedProductionwithTwoOutputs--EconomiesofScopeDynamicChangesinCosts--TheLearningCurveEstimatingandPredictingCostIntr

2、oductionTheproductiontechnologymeasurestherelationshipbetweeninputandoutput.Giventheproductiontechnology,managersmustchoosehowtoproduce.IntroductionTodeterminetheoptimallevelofoutputandtheinputcombinations,wemustconvertfromtheunitmeasurementsoftheproductiontechnologytodolla

3、rmeasurementsorcosts.MeasuringCost:WhichCostsMatter?AccountingCostActualexpensesplusdepreciationchargesforcapitalequipmentEconomicCostCosttoafirmofutilizingeconomicresourcesinproduction,includingopportunitycostEconomicCostvs.AccountingCostOpportunitycost.Costassociatedwith

4、opportunitiesthatareforegonewhenafirm’sresourcesarenotputtotheirhighest-valueuse.MeasuringCost:WhichCostsMatter?AnExampleAfirmownsitsownbuildingandpaysnorentforofficespaceDoesthismeanthecostofofficespaceiszero?MeasuringCost:WhichCostsMatter?SunkCostExpenditurethathasbeenm

5、adeandcannotberecoveredShouldnotinfluenceafirm’sdecisions.MeasuringCost:WhichCostsMatter?AnExampleAfirmpays$500,000foranoptiontobuyabuilding.Thecostofthebuildingis$5millionoratotalof$5.5million.Thefirmfindsanotherbuildingfor$5.25million.Whichbuildingshouldthefirmbuy?Measur

6、ingCost:WhichCostsMatter?ChoosingtheLocationforaNewLawSchoolBuildingNorthwesternUniversityLawSchool1)CurrentlocationindowntownChicago2)AlternativelocationinEvanstonwiththemaincampusNorthwesternUniversityLawSchool3)ChoosingaSiteLandownedinChicagoMustpurchaselandinEvanstonC

7、hicagolocationmightappearcheaperwithoutconsideringtheopportunitycostofthedowntownland(i.e.whatitcouldbesoldfor)ChoosingtheLocationforaNewLawSchoolBuildingNorthwesternUniversityLawSchool3)ChoosingaSiteChicagolocationchosen--verycostlyJustifiedonlyifthereissomeintrinsicvalue

8、sassociatedwithbeinginChicagoIfnot,itwasaninefficientdecisionifitwasbasedontheassu