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1、定语从句定语从句是在主从复合句中修饰某个名词或代词句子,它在句中作定语。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词(也叫关系词)。如Iknowthegirlwhoissittingunderthetree.我认识那个正坐在树下的女孩。↓↘引导词↓先行词从句(定语从句)Thisisthemostinterestingbookthathehaseverread.这是他所读过的书中最有趣的一本。↓↘引导词↓先行词从句(定语从句)考点1:先行词是人时引导词的选用(1).先行词是人,引导词后紧跟动词时用who或
2、that.如:Herecomesthemanwho(that)wantstoseeyou.想见你的那个人来了。(先行词是theman,引导词后紧跟动词wants,故引导词用who/that)(2).先行词是人,引导词后紧跟的不是动词时要用who,whom,that.如:Thisisthepersonwhom(who,that)youarelookingfor.这正是你要找的人。(先行词是theperson,引导词后紧跟的是you,不是动词,故引导词可用who/whom/that)考点2:先行词是物时引导词的选用(1).
3、先行词是物时,一般情况下引导词可以用which或that.如:Marylikemusicthat(which)isquietandgentle.玛丽喜欢安静柔和的音乐。(先行词是music,引导词可用which/that)Thefilmwhich(that)wesawlastnightwasveryinteresting.我们昨晚看的电影非常有趣。(先行词是film,引导词可用which/that)(2).以下情况,引导词只能用that,不能用which.①.当先行词是不定代词(anything,everything,
4、nothing,something,few,all,little等)时,引导词只用that。HaveyouwrittendowneverythingthatMr.Linhassaid?你写下林先生所说的每样东西了吗?Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.能做的所有事情都己经做了。ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.我能为你做的事几乎没有了。②.当先行词由以下词修饰时,引导词只用that.这些词有:only,very,thesame,thelast,all,any,some,no
5、,little,few等。如:ThatistheverydressthatIwanttobuy.那正是我要买的裙子。EnglishistheonlysubjectthatIlike.英语是我唯一喜欢的科目。CleaningtheroomagainisthelastthingthatIcandoforyou.再次打扫房间是我能为你做的最后一事。③.当先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,引导词只用that.ThisisthefifthschoolthatIhavetaughtsofar.这是我目前为止教过的第5所学校。Mr
6、.Li’sclassisthemostinterestingonethatIhaveeverhad.李老师的课是我上过的最有趣的课。④.当先行词有人又有物时,只能用that。如:Canyourememberthewriterandhisbooksthatwehavereported?拓展知识考点3:先行词是时间,地点,原因时引导词的选用(1).先行词是时间,地点,原因并在从句中作状语时,引导词分别用when,where,why,也可以用介词+which结构。如:Iwantedtoknowthedaywhenhewasb
7、orn.=Iwantedtoknowthedayonwhichhewasborn.我想知道他出生在哪一天。Hestilllovedtheschoolwherewestudiedtogethertwoyearsago.=Hestilllovedtheschoolinwhichwestudiedtogethertwoyearsago.他仍然爱那所我们两年前一起读书的学校。Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool?你知道他迟到的原因吗?(2).先行词是时间,地点并在从句中作主语或宾语时,
8、引导词用which或者that。如:Irememberthedayswhich(that)wespentonthefarm.我记得我们在农场渡过的日子。LuMingstudiesintheschoolwhich(that)wasbuilt1yearsago.卢明在一所1年前建好的学校里读书。考点4:引导词前有介词时,先行词是人,引