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1、名词性从句NOUNCLAUSESZJTGZJ2010-6-30在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句分为主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whatever连接副词how,why,when,wherehowever,wherever连接词that,whether,if,becauseasif/asthough(不充当从句的任何成分)引导名词性从句的关联词在名词性从句中一律用陈述句的语序,即使从句表达的是疑问含义。Theproblemiswhathehasdonetothelittleboy.问题是他对
2、那个小男孩做了些什么。1.主语从句在句中作主语的句子叫主语从句主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在从句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当成分。Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeh
3、eldhasnotyetbeenannounced.Thathestoleabikewastrue.单个的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语,谓语动词则用复数形式。Whereandwhenhewasbornhasnotbeenfound.Whenthepersonwasmurderedandwhyhewasmurderedarestillunknown.有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下:1)It+be+名词+that从句2)I
4、t+be+形容词+that从句3)It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句4)It+不及物动词+that从句Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。Itisapitythat…it’sashamethat…It’snowonderthat…Itissuggestedthat…It’srequestedthat…It’sproposedthat…,It’sdesiredthat…注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”,常用的句型有:I
5、tisnecessaryIt’simportant,It’snaturalstrange,etc.)that…2.宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1.)由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.Wemustneverthink(that
6、)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.注意:在demand,order,suggest,advise,decide,insist,desire,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“should+动词原形”。Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.但是,如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲,insist作“坚持说、坚持
7、认为”讲,则其后的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathehadpassedtheexamination.2)用who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsu
8、pport.3)用whether或if