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1、语法讲座系列之――名词性从句名词性从句的界定与分类:l名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作主句中的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此,名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。l从属连词that,if,whether;l连接代词who,whoever,whom,whomever,which,whichever,what,whatever,whose;l连接副词where,when,why,how。其中,u从属连词只起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何句法成分u连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用,在从句中又充当一定的成分u名词性从句均不能用逗号和主句分开。一、主语从句定义:一个从句在复合句中作主句
2、的主语,这个从句就叫主语从句。(一)主语从句的表现形式:1。由从属连词引导的主语从句:a.Whetherthecountryshouldbuildanuclearpowerstationissomethingwemustdiscuss.b.Thatlighttravelsinstraightlineisknowntoall.2。由连接代词引导的主语从句:a.Whatweneedismoretime.b.Whicheverbookyouchoosedoesn’tmattertome.c.Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.3。由连接副词引导的主语从句:a.Whentheplan
3、eistotakeoffhasn’tbeenannounced.b.Wherehehasbeenisstillapuzzle.c.Howmuchwaterisflowingcanbemeasuredeasily.(二)、关于形式主语it主语从句放在句首往往显得头重脚轻,不太平衡,因此,在大多数情况下都是在主语的位置上用一个形式主语it,而把主语从句移到句未去。关于形式主语it:以it作形式主语,把主语从句后置的常用句型有:(1)It+be+形容词+that从句ItisquiteclearthatTomwasfondofmusic.(2)It+be+名词+that从句Itisapitythat
4、shehasmadesuchafoolishmistake.(3)It+be+过去分词+that从句It’snotyetdecidedthatwhenthetestwillbegiven.(4)Itseems,happens等不及物动词+that从句IthappenedthatIdidn’ttakeanymoneywithme.u但以下情况往往必须用it作形式主语,主语从句一般不能放在句首。a.Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherhelikesornot.b.It’ssaidthatthehighwaywillbeopentotrafficnextyear.c.Isitlikelyt
5、hatitwillsnowintheafternoon?二、表语从句定义:一个从句在复合句中作主句的表语,这个从句就叫作表语从句。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。1.Theproblemisthatmillionsofpeopledieofillnessescausedbysmoking.2.Thequestionremainswhetherwecanwinthepeople.3.That’sjustwhatIwant.4.Thisiswhereourproblemlies.5.ThedifficultyishowIcanhelpsmokerskickth
6、eirhabit.注意:1、表语从句的表现形式除了用从属连词,连接代词和连接副词引导以外,还可以由as,asifasthough引导.Thingswerenotastheyseemed.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.2、另外还要注意以下常用的两种结构:Thereasonwhy…isthat…(不用because。)It(this,that)isbecause…Thereasonwhyhewasdismissedisthathedidn’tworkhard.Itisbecausethetobaccocompanieswanttoremaininbusiness.三、同位
7、语从句定义:在复合句中,用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般由that,whether等连词引导,常放在advice,doubt,fact,hope,idea,information,message,news,order,possibility,problem,question,reason,truth,word,suggestion.等名词的后面,说明该名词的具体内容。l.Thenewsthath