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1、ContrastivestudybetweenChineseandEnglishinGrammar1.WhatisgrammarItreferstoadescriptionofthestructureofalanguageandthewayinwhichlinguisticunitssuchaswordsandphrasesarecombinedtoproducesentencesinalanguage.Itconsistsoftwobranches:morphologyandsyntax.Morpholo
2、gycomprisestwoparts:inflectionalmorphologyandderivationalmorphology.Inflectionalmorphologyisconcernedwithmorphologicalvariationsthatresultfromgrammaticalneeds.Derivationalmorphologyisconcernedwithmorphologicalvariationsameansofword-building.2.Morphological
3、contrastivestudyContrastiveanalysisonthelevelofinflectionalmorphologyislargelyamatterofconstrastingthedevicesdifferentlanguagesemploytotransmitgrammaticalmeanings.Thesedevicesareusuallyknownas“grammaticalcategories”,whichincludeaspect,tense,case,gender,moo
4、d,person,classofword(partsofspeech)1)AspectinEnglishandChineseInEnglishtheaspectualmeaningisrealizedbyresortingtoauxiliarywordsandverbconjugation.Eg.TheyarewatchingTVnow.(progressive)Hehasfinishedhishomework.(perfect)WhileinChinese,therearesomeparticleslik
5、e着、正在、了、过，usedtoindicateaspect.Eg.1.progressiveaspect他正等着呢，快点。她正在看电视。2.perfectaspect我写完作业了。我去过伦敦，还去过纽约。2）tenseinEnglishandChineseInEnglish,tenses,likeaspect,arerealizedbyresortingtoauxiliarywordsandverbconjugation.Whenaspectscombinewithtense,eg.Whenprogres
6、sivecombineswithtense,thepastprogressive,presentprogressiveandfutureprogressiveresult.AsChinesedoesnothavethegrammaticalcategoryoftense,thetemporalnotionsindicatedbyEnglishtensesarelexicalizedinChinese.Thelexicalwordsusedaremainlyadverbslike那时，昨天，上周，去年，etc
7、.,sometimestogetherwith曾经，过etc.toindicatethepasttense;明天，下周，明年，要etc.toindicatefuturetense;已经，一直etc.tosignalperfecttense.Forexample:(1)那时他正要锁门。Hewasgoingtolockthedoorthen.（2）她昨天买了一辆车。Sheboughtthecaryesterday.（3）John曾经因违章停车被罚过100美元。Johnwasoncefined100dollars
8、formisplacinghiscar.（4）我要去买东西。I’mgoingtogoshopping.（5）他明早会演奏这支曲子。Hewillbeplayingthetonetomorrowmorning.（6）他已经得了三次一等奖。Hehasalreadywonthefirstprizeforthreetimes.（7）五岁以来，他一直在学钢琴。Hehasbeenlearningpianosinceshewas
