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1、Lecture ThreeBasicConcepts ofWordsContentsDefinitionofaWord…1223MorphologicalStructureofWordsClassificationofWordsContentsDefinitionofaWord…1223MorphologicalStructureofWordsClassificationofWords1.DefinitionofaWordI.DefinitionofaWord…Awordisaminimalfreefor
2、mofalanguagethathasagivensound,meaningandsyntacticfunction.2.DefinitionofVocabularyVocabularyisthewholesetofwordsofalanguage.Aperson'svocabularyisthesetofwordswithinalanguagethatarefamiliartothatperson.Vocabularycanbedividedintolisteningvocabulary,speakin
3、gvocabulary,readingvocabularyandwritingvocabulary.---thetotalnumberofthewordsinalanguage---allthewordsusedinaparticularhistoricalperiod,e.g.Old(Middle,Modern)Englishvocabulary.---allthewordsofagivendialect,agivenbook,agivendisciplineorthewordspossessedbya
4、nindividualperson.Vocabulary3.DefinitionofGlossaryAglossary,likeasmalldictionarywithalphabeticitems,isalistofwordsinacertainbook,essay,text,etc.fortheconvenienceofthereaderorlearnertofindoutthemeaning,sound,andusageofsomedifficultwords.4.DefinitionofLexic
5、alItemAlexicalitem(orlexicalunit,lexicalentry)isasinglewordorachainofwordsthatformsthebasicelementsofalanguage'slexicon(≈vocabulary).Examplesare“cat,trafficlight,takecareof,bytheway”,and“it'srainingcatsanddogs”.Lexicalitemscanbegenerallyunderstoodtoconvey
6、asinglemeaning,butarenotlimitedtosinglewords.Theentirestoreoflexicalitemsinalanguageiscalleditslexis.Lexicalitemscomposedofmorethanonewordarealsosometimescalledlexicalchunks,lexicalphrases,lexicalunits,etc.ContentsDefinitionofaWord…1223MorphologicalStruct
7、ureofWordsClassificationofWordsHowisanEnglishwordformed?E.g.disagreeabledisagreeable(byletter)dis·a·gree·a·ble(bysyllable)dis+agree+able(bymorpheme)Whatisthedifferencebetween“morpheme”and“syllable”?Syllable:hasnothingtodowithmeaningMorpheme:two-facet→both
8、soundandmeaningII.MorphologicalStructureofWordsMorpheme=morph+emeform+thesmallestunitMorpheme:thesmallestmeaningfullinguisticunitoflanguagesmallest:notdivisibleintosmallerformsmeaningful:carrymeaning(lexicalandgramm
