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1、ChapterSix LanguageandCognition1.WhatisCognition?Mentalprocesses,informationprocessingMentalprocessorfacultyofknowing,includingawareness,perception,reasoning,andjudgment.Theformalapproach:structuralpatterns,includingthestudyofmorphological,syntactic,andlexical
2、structure.Thepsychologicalapproach:languagefromtheviewofgeneralsystemsrangingfromperception,memory,attention,andreasoning.Theconceptualapproach:howlanguagestructures/processesconceptualcontent.2.PsycholinguisticsThestudyofpsychologicalaspectsoflanguage.Psychol
3、ogicalstatesandmentalactivitywiththeuseoflanguage.Languageacquisition,languageproduction&comprehension.Languageacquisition(FirstandSecond)LanguagecomprehensionLanguageproductionDisordersLanguageandThoughtNeurocognitionSixsubjectsofresearch2.1Languageacquisitio
4、nLanguageacquisitionreferstochildren’sacquisitionofhismothertongue,thatis,howchildrencometounderstandandtospeakthelanguageofhiscommunity.(1)HolophrasticstageHolophrase:single-wordsentences表句词,整句字One-wordstage:objects,actions,motions,routines.e.g.eye,bottle,car
5、,eat,go,yes.(2)Two-wordstageChildrenannouncewhenobjectsappear,disappear:Papaaway.Pointoutproperties,owners:Alldry./ourcarComment:Allmessy.Rejectandrequest:Morecereal.(3)Three-wordstageGivedoggiepaper.Puttruckwindow.Tractorgofloor.(4)Fluentgrammaticalconversati
6、onstageEmbedoneconstituentinsideanotherGivedoggiepaper.Givebigdoggiepaper.Usemorefunctionwords.Afullrangeofsentencetypes:questions,relativeclauses,negations,conjunctions,andpassives.2.2LanguageComprehensionDecodingprocessWordrecognitionWordrecognitionistheinit
7、ialandbasicstageoftextcomprehension.Worddeterminesthesentencemeaningandstructure.Werecognizedtheambiguousmeaningofawordbyitsenvironments.Alsowepresumeasentencestructurebyaword.E.g.whenweseearrive,weknowitdoesnotprecedeanoundirectly.Andwhenwesee“放”，weknowanouno
8、rprepositionphrasewillfollow.Thatistosay,wehaveapresumedmeaningandstructureatthesightofaword.Cohortmodel(集群模型)byMarslen-Wilson&Welsh:thefirstfewphonemesofaspokenwordactivateasetorc
