drugs effective in treating epilepsies课件

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1、DrugsEffectiveintreatingEpilepsiesLinYuanPhD,Prof.Q-1Whatisaseizure（发作）?Aseizureisanabnormalelectricaldischargefromthebrain.Itmayaffectasmallfocalarea（局部）ofthebrain,ortheentirebrain(generalized).Theareaaffectedbytheseizurelosesitsregularabilityoffunctionandmayreactunco

2、ntrollably.Anyfunctionofthebrain,motor,smell,vision,oremotionmaybeindividuallyaffectedbyaseizure.MajorPointsselectionofdrug.十、抗癫痫药和抗惊厥药1.苯妥英钠（1）药理作用（2）临床应用2.卡马西平药理作用及临床应用3.苯巴比妥、扑米酮临床应用4.乙琥胺临床应用及不良反应5.丙戊酸钠临床应用及不良反应6.硫酸镁药理作用及临床应用期末考试/临床执业医师药理学考试大纲Q-2WhatisEpilepsy（癫痫）:a

3、conditionthatinvolveshavingrepetitiveseizures（反复发作）；inotherwords,adisorderoftheCNScharacterizedbylossofconsciousnessandconvulsions（惊厥）Q-3HowisseizureClassifiedSeizuresaregenerallydividedinto2maintypes:Focal（局部）:involvingalimitedbrainregionGeneralized（全身）:involvingtheen

4、tirebrain.Thereforealwaysassociatedwithlossofconsciousness.Focalseizuresmayspreadtotherestofthebrain,thereforebecomingfocalseizureswithsecondarygeneralization（继发全身性发作）.GeneralizedSeizures(1)大发作Generalizedtonic-clonic(grandmal)seizures(Asevereformofepilepsycharacterized

5、byseizuresinvolvingspasmsandlossofconsciousness.严重大发作以意识丧失与抽搐为特征）(2)小发作Absence(petitmal)seizures（occurringmostofteninadolescentsandchildren,characterizedbyfrequentbuttransientlapsesofconsciousness.consistsofstaringforafewsecondsthenreturningtofullfunction.Thepatienthas

6、norecollectionoftheevent.小发作常发生于儿童与青年人，以频繁的短暂的意识丧失为特征）(3)肌阵挛发作Myoclonicseizures（featuredbyrapidmusclejerks.肌阵挛发作）PartialSeizures(1)单纯局限性发作Simplepartialseizures（withoutlossofconsciousness;Withuncontrolledmusclemovements;单纯局限性发作）(2)综合局限性发作Complexpartialseizures（withlosso

7、fconsciousness;综合局限性发作）(3)继发性大发作SecondarilygeneralizedtonicandclonicseizuresQ-4Describethecauseofseizuresclassification1.Genetic（遗传）2.secondary（继发）(1)Theimmediatecausesforacuteseizures:hypoglycemia（低血糖）,hypocalcemia,meningitis,bacterialtoxins(suchasshigella),alcoholwit

8、hdrawal,environmentaltoxins.(2)Chroniccauses:geneticepilepsy;congenitalbrainmalformationassociatedwithsomeneurocutane