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1、学习的乐趣GilbertHighet 在越来越多学校设立的今天,学习已成了一种义务。是应该做的,说严重点,是必须做的,靠固定的课时和严格的纪律来维持,这是很糟糕的。学生们对这些必修课嗤之以鼻,并竭尽全力抗拒它们。这种态度可能伴随一生。对于太多的人来说,学习似乎是自己的意愿屈服于外界的指引,是一种奴役。 Thisisamistake.Learningisanaturalpleasure,inbornandinstinctive,oneoftheessentialpleasuresofthehumanrace.Wat
2、chasmallchild,atanagetooyoungtohavehadanymentalhabitsimplantedbytraining.SomedelightfulfilmsmadebythelateDr.ArnoldGesellofYaleUniversityshowlittlecreatureswhocanbarelytalkinvestigatingproblemswithallthezealandexcitementofexplorers,makingdiscoverieswiththepass
3、ionandabsorptionofdedicatedscientists.Attheendofeachsuccessfulinvestigation,therecomesovereachtinyfaceanexpressionofpureheart-feltpleasure.这种观点是错的。学习是一种享受,是与生俱来的本能,是人类最基本的享受。看看那些尚未接在训练中获取任何心理定势的幼儿。已故耶鲁大学博士阿诺德.吉赛尔(ArnoldGesell)摄制了一组有趣的影片,它们显示:尚无语言能力的幼儿如探险家一样热切
4、、兴奋地研究问题,如科学家一般热情、专注地寻求发现。一旦探究成功,孩子们的小脸上就呈现出满心欢喜的表情。 Butifthepleasureoflearningisuniversal,whyaretheresomanydull,incuriouspeopleintheworld?Itisbecausetheyweremadedull,bybadteaching,byisolation,bysurrendertoroutine;sometimes,too,bythepressureofhardworkandpover
5、ty;orbythetoxinofriches,withalltheirephemeralandtrivialdelights.Withluck,resolutionandguidance,however,thehumanmindcansurvivenotonlypovertybutevenwealth.但是,如果说学习的乐趣是带有普遍性的,那为什么还有那么多人麻木迟钝、对任何东西都不抱好奇心?这是因为,他们接受了糟糕的教育、处在孤陋寡闻的状态、向一成不变的日常生活妥协了,也许还为劳役和贫穷所困,或在金钱的毒害下
6、耽于声色,因此变得既麻木又迟钝。然而,只要有适当的机会、坚定的决心和明确的方向,作为人之本性的学习的乐趣完全可以保持下来,而不管生活富足与否。 Thispleasureisnotconfinedtolearningfromtextbooks,whicharetoooftentedious.Butitdoesincludelearningfrombooks.Sometimes,whenIstandinabiglibraryliketheLibraryofCongress,orButlerLibraryatColum
7、bia,andgazeroundmeatthemillionsofbooks,Ifeelasober,earnestdelighthardtoconveyexceptbyametaphor.Thesearenotlumpsoflifelesspaper,butmindsaliveontheshelves.Fromeachofthemgoesoutitsownvoice,asinaudibleasthestreamsofsoundconveyedbyelectricwavesbeyondtherangeofourh
8、earing;andjustasthetouchofbuttononourstereowillfilltheroomwithmusic,sobyopeningoneofthesevolumes,onecancallintorangeavoicefardistantintimeandspace,andhearitspeaking,mindtomind,hearttohear