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1、TwoPrinciplesofRelevanceRelevanceTheoryisbasedontwofundamentalclaims,oneaboutcognition,theotheraboutcommunication.(Sperber&Wilson,1995:260)Humancognitiontendstobegearedtothemaximizationofrelevance.Everyactofostensivecommunicationcommunicatesapresumptionofitsown
2、optimalrelevance.Morefundamentalandgeneral,makethecognitivebehaviorofanotherhumanpredictableenoughtoguidecommunication.GroundedintheCognitivePrincipleofRelevanceTheCognitivePrincipleofRelevancerepresentsSperber&Wilson’sbasicassumptionabouthumancognition.Sperber
3、&Wilsonarguethatoffersofinformationautomaticallyraiseexpectationsofrelevance.Moreprecisely,anyutteranceorotheractofovertcommunicationcreatesapresumptionthatitwillberelevantenoughtobeworththeaudience’sattentionor,inSperber&Wilson’sterms,“optimallyrelevant”.Thisi
4、deaisexpressedinthecommunicativeprincipleofrelevance.Relevance=Cognitiveeffects/ProcessingeffortCognitiveeffects:resultfromaninteractionofnewandoldinformationProcessingeffortNewlypresentedinformationmay:a.combinewithanexistingassumptiontoyieldcontextualimplicat
5、ionsb.strengthenexistingassumptionsc.contradictandeliminateexistingassumptionsS&W认为新的信息和现有认知语境具有三种关联方式,因而产生三种语境效果:1.新信息与语境相互作用产生语境效果;2.新信息提供进一步的证据以加强已有语境;3.新信息与已有语境相矛盾因而放弃原有假设。老王和小赵出差回来了吗？CognitiveprincipleAccordingtoSperber&Wilson,anassumptionisrelevantinacont
6、extifandonlyifithassomecontextualeffectsinthatcontext.按照S&W的理论,语境效果指新信息与旧信息相互作用产生的语境含意,即在交际中对已有认知语境的改变,产生新的认知语境。一般说来,相关的信息会取得一定的交际效果,但她们将语境效果看作是“相关”的必要条件,即只有取得一定语境效果的信息才是相关的。Whatsortofthingsmayberelevant?Whenisaninputrelevant?Whatsortofthingsmayberelevant?Intui
7、tively,relevanceisapotentialpropertynotonlyofutterancesandotherobservablephenomena,butalso,ofthoughts,memoriesandconclusionsofinferences.AccordingtoRelevanceTheory,utterancesraiseexpectationsofrelevancenotbecausespeakersareexpectedtoobeyaCo-operativePrinciplean
8、dmaximsorsomeotherspecificallycommunicativeconventions,butbecausethesearchforrelevanceisabasicfeatureofhumancognition,whichcommunicatorsmayexploit.Whenisaninputrelevant?InRe
