管理学第七讲.ppt

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1、Chapter7FOUNDATIONSOFPLANNING©PrenticeHall,20027-117-LearningObjectivesYoushouldlearnto:DefineplanningExplainwhymanagersplanDescribewhatrolegoalsplayinplanning目标在计划工作中的作用DistinguishamongthedifferenttypesofplansTellhowgoalsareestablishedDescribethecharacteristicso

2、fwell-designedgoals设计良好的目标的特点©PrenticeHall,20027-227-LearningObjectives(cont.)Youshouldlearnto:Identifythreecontingencyfactorsinplanning三个权变的因素Explaintheapproachestodevelopingplans制定计划的方法DiscussthecriticismsofplanningDescribewhatittakestoeffectivelyplaninadynamic

3、environment如何在动态环境中制定有效的计划©PrenticeHall,20027-337-计划计划通常被称为管理的主要职能，是所有的其他职能的基础没有计划，就不会有组织、领导和控制计划工作分为：正式的计划与非正式的计划47-WhatIsPlanning?Planning计划工作involvesdefiningtheorganization’sgoals,establishinganoverallstrategy,anddevelopingacomprehensivesetofplanstointegratean

4、dcoordinateorganizationalwork明确组织的目标、制定全局战略、制定一套整合和协调的计划来使组织到达目标informalplanning-nothingiswrittendownlittleornosharingofgoalsgeneralandlackingincontinuityformalplanning-writtendefinesspecificgoalsspecificactionprogramsexisttoachievegoals©PrenticeHall,20027-557-Wh

5、yDoManagersPlan?计划工作对组织的绩效有重要的影响PurposesofPlanningplanningistheprimarymanagementfunctionthatestablishesthebasisforallothermanagementfunctions计划成为管理的基础planningestablishescoordinatedeffortplanningreducesuncertaintyplanningreducesoverlappingandwastefulactivities时间与资

6、源可以减少到最低的程度planningestablishesgoalsandstandardsusedincontrolling目标和标准可以用于控制©PrenticeHall,20027-667-WhyDoManagersPlan?(cont.)PlanningandPerformance计划工作与绩效generallyspeaking,formalplanningisassociatedwith:higherprofitshigherreturnonassets财务结果更好qualityoftheplanningpr

7、ocessandtheappropriateimplementationoftheplansprobablycontributemoretohighperformancethandoestheextentofplanning计划本身的质量与实施计划本身的措施对绩效的贡献可能比计划本身的作用更大externalenvironmentmayundermine破坏theeffectsofformalplanningplanning/performancerelationshipisinfluencedbytheplanning

8、timeframe时间框架©PrenticeHall,20027-777-HowDoManagersPlan?TheRoleofGoalsandPlansinPlanninggoals-desiredoutcomes整个组织的期望的产出providedirectionforallmanagementdecisions