托福阅读修辞目的题典型题分析：例证类之一.docx

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1、Paragraph5:Dependenceonlong-distancetradealsomeantthatthegreatempiresoftheMiddleEastwerebuiltbothliterallyandfigurativelyonshiftingsand.Thecentralstate,thoughoftenveryrichandverypopulous,wasintrinsicallyfragile,sincethedevelopmentofnewinternationaltraderoutescouldunderminethemoneta

2、rybaseanderodestatepower,asoccurredwhenEuropeanseafarerscircumventedMiddleEasternmerchantsafterVascodaGama'svoyagearoundAfricainthelatefifteenth-centuryopenedupasouthernroute.Theecologyoftheregionalsopermittedarmedpredatorstoprowlthesurroundingbarrens,whichwerealmostimpossibleforas

3、tatetocontrol.Peripheralpeoplesthereforehadagreatadvantageintheirdealingswiththecenter,makinggovernmentauthorityinsecureandanxious.?Inparagraph5,whydoestheauthormentionthenewtraderouteopenedupbyVascodaGamar’sfifteenth-centuryvoyagearoundAfrica?oToprovideevidencethatEuropeanseafarer

4、stookeveryopportunitytobypassMiddleEasternmerchantsoTopresentaninstanceinwhichMiddleEasternstateslostmoneyandpowerbecauseoftheirrelianceonlong-distancetradeoToarguethisnewroutebecamenecessarywhenEuropeanseafarerswantedtoavoidMiddleEasternstateswhosecentralpowerhadbeguntoerodeoToexp

5、lainhowdaGamahelpedEuropeantradersavoidthedangerous15predatorsprowlingtheareassurroundingMiddleEasterncities.答案：B解析：VascodaGamar所在句子由asoccurred引导。通过as（就像）可知，as后引导的内容为前一句的例子，所以前一句为论点句。答案B是原句的同义替换。?Paragraph3:GlaciersarepartofEarth'shydrologiccycleandaresecondonlytotheoceansinthetota

6、lamountofwatercontained.About2percentofEarth'swateriscurrentlyfrozenasice.Twopercentmaybeadeceivingfigure,however,sinceover80percentoftheworld'sfreshwaterislockedupasiceinglaciers,withthemajorityofitinAntarctica.Thetotalamountoficeisevenmoreawesomeifweestimatethewaterreleaseduponth

7、ehypotheticalmeltingoftheworld'sglaciers.Sealevelwouldriseabout60meters.Thiswouldchangethegeographyoftheplanetconsiderably.Incontrast,shouldanothericeageoccur,sealevelwoulddropdrastically.Duringthelasticeage,sealeveldroppedabout120meters.?Whydoestheauthorconsiderthehypotheticalmelt

8、ingoftheworld'sglaciers?oT