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1、DefiningRomanticism[edit]Basiccharacteristics[edit]DefiningthenatureofRomanticismmaybeapproachedfromthestartingpointoftheprimaryimportanceofthefreeexpressionofthefeelingsoftheartist.TheimportancetheRomanticsplacedonuntrammelledfeelingissummedupintheremarkoftheGermanpainterCasparDavidFriedrichthat"t
2、heartist'sfeelingishislaw".[7]ToWilliamWordsworthpoetryshouldbe"thespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings".[8]Inordertotrulyexpressthesefeelings,thecontentoftheartmustcomefromtheimaginationoftheartist,withaslittleinterferenceaspossiblefrom"artificial"rulesdictatingwhataworkshouldconsistof.Coleridgew
3、asnotaloneinbelievingthattherewerenaturallawsgoverningthesematterswhichtheimagination,atleastofagoodcreativeartist,wouldfreelyandunconsciouslyfollowthroughartisticinspirationifleftalonetodoso.[9]Aswellasrules,theinfluenceofmodelsfromotherworkswouldimpedethecreator'sownimagination,sooriginalitywasab
4、solutelyessential.Theconceptofthegenius,orartistwhowasabletoproducehisownoriginalworkthroughthisprocessof"creationfromnothingness",iskeytoRomanticism,andtobederivativewastheworstsin.[10][11][12][13]Thisideaisoftencalled"romanticoriginality."[14]WilliamBlake,TheLittleGirlFound,fromSongsofInnocencean
5、dExperience,1794NotessentialtoRomanticism,butsowidespreadastobenormative,wasastrongbeliefandinterestintheimportanceofnature.Howeverthisisparticularlyintheeffectofnatureupontheartistwhenheissurroundedbyit,preferablyalone.IncontrasttotheusuallyverysocialartoftheEnlightenment,Romanticsweredistrustfulo
6、fthehumanworld,andtendedtobelievethatacloseconnectionwithnaturewasmentallyandmorallyhealthy.Romanticartaddresseditsaudiencesdirectlyandpersonallywithwhatwasintendedtobefeltasthepersonalvoiceoftheartist.So,inliterature,"muchofromanticpoetryinvitedthereadertoidentifytheprotagonistswiththepoetsthemsel
7、ves".[15]AccordingtoIsaiahBerlin,Romanticismembodied"anewandrestlessspirit,seekingviolentlytoburstthrougholdandcrampingforms,anervouspreoccupationwithperpetuallychanginginnerstatesofconsciousness,alongingfo
