BGI 动物案例研讨班课件：13-parasite programs.pdf

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1、ParasitegenomicsCuckoo,cowbird…ReedWarblerfeedingaCommonCuckoochickinanest.Outline•1.Backgroundofparasites•2.SchistosomeandAscarisproject•3.Next-sequencingandparasiteBackgroundofparasitesClassification•Basedontheirinteractionswiththeirhostsandontheirlifecycles•Ectoparasites,surfaceofthehost•Endopa

2、rasites,insidethehost–intercellularparasites–Intracellularparasites•protozoa,bacteriaorviruses•SocialparasitesParasiticdisease•Aninfectiousdiseasecausedortransmittedbyaparasite–causediseasedirectly,likeMalaria–causediseasebytheirtoxins•Threemaintypesoforganismscausingtheseconditions:protozoa(原生动物)

3、,helminth(蠕虫),andectoparasites•Manyparasitesdonotcausediseases.Humanparasite•Humanhealthy–Variousprotozoaandwormswhichcaninfecthumans;–Endoparasitesandectoparasites;–Billionsofpersonaffectedbyparasites;•Ascariasis,onequarteroftheworld'speopleareinfected,with95%inpartsofAfrica.•Malariaannuallycause

4、sover200millioncasesoffever;around655,000peoplediedin2010.Thedistributionacrosstaxonomickingdomsoftheglobalinfectiousdiseaseburdenin2004expressedasDisability-AdjustedLifeYears(DALYs)Thedistributionoftheglobaldiseaseburdenin2004acrossmajorhumanpathogensasdeterminedbyWHO.Scabies（疥螨病）•Scientificresea

5、rch–Humanandanimalhealth•Drugresistance•Diagnostictests•Newdrugs•Newvaccine•…–Foodsafety–Evolutionofparasite•Parasitegenomes–Morethan60speciesofhumanparasites–30genomeswerefinishes–Published•Nature,6•Science,6•Cell,1•Naturegenetics1•Time2000--nowAscarisprojectWhytheAscaris?•Nogenomesequence•Import

6、antparasites–Health,pigandhuman–drug•DNASample–easyKingdom:AnimaliaPhylum:NematodaClass:SecernenteaOrder:AscarididaFamily:AscarididaeGenus:AscarisSpecies:A.suumIthas19autosomesandfiveX-chroromoses.Imagefromhttp://parasitology.cvm.ncsu.eduThelifecycleMigratinglarvaeFemaleA:adulte:eggmaleE:larvatede

7、ggL3:third-stagelarvaWhat’sascariasis?Ascarissuumfromonepigliverdamage(milkspot)Largenumbersofadultscancauseobstructiontothegutorbileduct.WithL3stagethelungcanbecomediseasedandwhenbacterialinfectionsbecomeinvolve