中学代数公式大全.pdf

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1、精品文档目录一、初中代数··································1二、高中代数··································42.1、函数··································42.1.1不等式································82.1.1数列·································92.1.1三角函数·······························102.1.1复数·····················

2、············132.2排列、组合································142.3平面几何·································152.3.1直线与角·······························152.3.2三角形································162.4立体几何·································162.4.1直线与平面······························162.4.2多面体、棱柱、棱锥·

3、·························192.5解析几何·································202.5.1方程与曲线······························202.5.2直线·································202.5.3圆··································212.5.4椭圆·································222.5.5双曲线································222.

4、5抛物线·································232.6向量部分·································242.6.1空间向量·······························242.6.2平面向量·······························25三、常用公式·································273.1常用公式·································273.2几何图形及计算公式·····················

5、·······29四、坐标几何和二维、三维图形·························314.1坐标几何·································314.2二维图形·································324.3三维图形·································34一、初中代数1欢迎下载。精品文档【实数的分类】【自然数】表示物体个数的1、2、3、4···等都称为自然数一个大于1的整数，如果除了它本身和1以外不能被其它正整数所整除，那么这个数称为质数。【质数与合数】一个大于

6、1的数，如果除了它本身和1以外还能被其它正整数所整除，那么这个数知名人士为合数，1既不是质数又不是合数。【相反数】只有符号不同的两个实数，其中一个叫做另一个的相反数。零的相反数是零。一个正数的绝对值是它本身，一个负数绝对值是它的相反数，零的绝对值为零。【绝对值】从数轴上看，一个实数的绝对值是表示这个数的点离开原点距离。【倒数】1除以一个非零实数的商叫这个实数的倒数。零没有倒数。【完全平方数】如果一个有理数a的平方等于有理数b，那么这个有理数b叫做完全平方数。【方根】如果一个数的n次方（n是大于1的整数）等于a，这个数叫做a的n次方根。【开方】求一数的方根的

7、运算叫做开方。【算术根】正数a的正的n次方根叫做a的n次算术根，零的算术根是零，负数没有算术根。用有限次运算符号（加、减、乘、除、乘方、开方）把数或表示数的字母连结所得的式子，叫做【代数式】代数式。【代数式的值】用数值代替代数式里的字母，计算后所得的结果，叫做当这个字母取这个数值时的代数式的值。【代数式的分类】【有理式】只含有加、减、乘、除和乘方运算的代数式叫有理式【无理式】根号下含有字母的代数式叫做无理式【整式】没有除法运算或者虽有除法运算而除式中不含字母的有理式叫整式2欢迎下载。精品文档【分式】除式中含字母的有理式叫分式【有理数的运算律】【等式的性质】

8、【乘法公式】【因式分解】方含有未知数的等式叫做方程。程【方程】方程