二语习得选修课的课堂课件.ppt

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1、Whatdifferencesarethereinthewayinwhichindividuallearnersacquireasecondlanguage?AgeLanguageaptitudeLearningstylesMotivationPersonalitysexSocialfactors:SocialclassAffectivestates:AnxietygeneralfactorsAgewhatdoyouthinkofbilinggualkindergartens?Cantheyben

2、efitchildren’sSLA?Childrenvs.teenagervs.adults(pronunciation/rate/grammmar)Criticalperiodhypothesis(pronunciation/grammar)1.学习外语的开始年龄并不在很大程度上影响习得的程序，任何年龄开始学习一门外语都有可能获得成功。2.学习外语的起始年龄较明显地影响习得的速度和效率。在语法、词义和词汇方面，少年比儿童和成年人表现得更为出色（如果学习时间相同）3.学习时间长短影响习得的成功程度

3、，而学习起始年龄对将达到的精密程度起着决定作用，尤其是语音方面。（束定芳，庄智象）4.刘润清认为外语学习的最佳开始年龄并非越早越好，而是大约在九岁左右。Languageaptitude1.phonimiccoding-encoding语音编码解码能力2.grammarsencitivity语法敏感性3.languageanalyticability归纳性语言学习能力4.memory联想记忆能力Languageaptitude1.phonimiccoding-encoding语音编码解码能力2.gr

4、ammarsencitivity语法敏感性3.languageanalyticability归纳性语言学习能力4.memory联想记忆能力LearningstylesFielddependence/FieldindependenceoriginReflectivity/impulsivity审慎/冲动Visual/auditory/kinaesthetic/tactileHolistic/analytic...childrenvs.Adolescents/adultsMalesvs.Females

5、Object-orientedjobsvs.People-orientedjobsUrban,technologicalsocietiesvs.Rural,agrairansocietiesRigidsocialstructuresvs.FreesocialstructuresGroup-centredpeoplevs.IndividualisticpeopleFieldindependentFielddependentAdolescents/adultschildrenMalesFemalesO

6、bject-orientedjobsPeople-orientedjobsUrban,technologicalsocietiesRural,agrairansocietiesFreesocialstructuresRigidsocialstructuresIndividualisticpeopleGroup-centredpeopleMotivationIntrinsic/extrinsicmotivationIntrinsicmotivationderivesfrominterest.Extr

7、insicmotivationemphasizesexternalrewardsorpunishements.Intrinsicmotivation:long-termsuccessExtrinsicmotivation:short-termsuccessIntegrative/instrumentalmotivationIntegrativemotivationinvolvesasincereandpersonalinterestinthepeopleandculturerepresentedb

8、ytheotherlanguagegroup.Instrumentalmotivationconcernsthepracticalvalueandadvantagesoflearninganewlanguage.Resultativemotivation:resultofpositivelearningexperiences.Machiavellianmotivation:motivatedtolearnbecauseofnegativeattitudetowardsthetarg