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1、StephenCrane (1871-1900)Americannovelist,shortstorywriter,poetandjournalistAsarepresentativeofAmericanNaturalismandImpressionism,StephenCraneisrecognizedbymoderncriticsasoneofthemostinnovativewritersofhisgeneration.IntroductionLifeNaturialismTheopenboatBriefIntroduction:HeisanAmer
2、icannovelist,shortstorywriter,poetandjournalist.HewrotenotableworksintheRealisttraditionaswellasearlyexamplesofAmericanNaturalismandImpressionism.Heisrecognizedbymoderncriticsasoneofthemostinnovativewritersofhisgeneration.CharacteristicsDescriptivevividnessIntensityDistinctivedial
3、ectsIronyCommonthemesFearSpiritualcrisisIdealsvsrealitiesSocialisolationLifeCrane,theyoungestof14children,wasbornin1871inNewark,NewJersey.Hisfatherwasastrictminister,whodiedin1880,leavinghisdevout,strongmothertoraisetherestofthefamily.HeattendedpreparatoryschoolattheClaverackColle
4、ge(1888-1890).HespentlessthantwoyearsatSyracuseUniversityandthenwenttoNewYorkCitytobecomeajournalist.Hewrotehisfirstbook,Maggie:AGirloftheStreetsandpublisheditin1893athisexpense.In1895thepublicationofTheRedBadgeofCourageandofhisfirstbookofpoems,TheBlackRiders,broughthiminternation
5、alfame.HewashiredtogotoCubaasajournalisttocovertheSpanish-AmericanWar.Onthewaytotheisland,Cranewasinashipwreck.Thisexperiencedirectlyledtohismostfamousshortstory"TheOpenBoat"(1897).WhenstayinginJacksonville,Florida,hemettheownerofabrothel,CoraTaylor.Thismeetingwasthebeginningofalo
6、veaffairandsheaccompaniedhimtoGreeceashereportedontheGreco-TurkishWarforNewYorknewspapers;andstayedwithhimuntiltheendofhislife.AfterreportingontheSpanish-AmericanWar,CranereturnedhometoEngland,wherehemadefriendswithJosephConrad,H.G.Wells,andHenryJames.Thestressofthislife,compounde
7、dbyanalmostblatant（公然的）disregardforhisownhealth,ledtohiscontractingtuberculosis（肺结核）.HediedinJune1900,attheageof29.HisMajorWorksNovelsMaggie:AGirloftheStreets《街头女郎玛吉》TheRedBadgeofCourage《红色英勇勋章》TheLittleRegimentTheThirdVioletActiveServiceGeorge'sMotherthefirstworkofAmericanliterar
8、yNaturalism.ShortStoriesTheOpenBo
