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1、第 1 题：填空题:Theimportanceofagriculturecannotbeoverstated.Morethan50percentoftheworld''slaborforceisemployedinagriculture.Thedistributionintheearly1980srangedfrom67percentofthoseemployedinAfricatolessthan5percentinNorthAmerica.InWesternEurope,thefigurewasabout16percent;inEaste
2、rnEuropeandtheSovietUnion,about32percent;andinAsia,about68percent.Farmsizevarieswidelyfromregiontoregion.RecentlytheaverageforCanadianfarmswasabout186ha(about460acres)perfarm,andforU.S.farms,about175ha(about432acres).TheaveragesizeofasinglelandholdinginthePhilippines,howeve
3、r,maybesomewhatlessthan3.6ha(lessthan9acres),andinIndonesia,alittlelessthan1.2ha(lessthan3acres).Sizealsodependsonthepurposeofthefarm.Commercialfarming,orproductionforcash,isusuallydoneonlargeholdings.TheplantationsofLatinAmericaarelarge,privatelyownedestatesworkedbytenantl
4、abor.Single-cropplantationsproducetea,rubber,cocoa.Wheatfarmsaremostefficientwhentheycomprisesomethousandsofhectaresandcanbeworkedbyteamsofpeopleandmachines.Australiansheepstationsandotherlivestockfarmsmustbelargetoprovidegrazingforthousandsofanimals.Individualsubsistencefa
5、rmsorsmall-familymixed-farmoperationsaredecreasinginnumberindevelopedcountriesbutarestillnumerousinthedevelopingcountriesofAfricaandAsia.A"back-to-the-land"movementintheU.S.reversedthedeclineofsmallfarmsinNewEnglandandAlaskainthedecadefrom1970to1980.Theconditionsthatdetermi
6、newhatwillberaisedinanareaincludeclimate,watersupply,andterrain.Overthe10,000yearssinceagriculturebegantobedeveloped,peopleseverywherehavediscoveredthefoodvalueofwildplantsandanimalsanddomesticatedandbredthem.Themostimportantarecerealssuchaswheat,rice,barley,cornandrye.Agri
7、culturalincomeisalsoderivedfromnon-foodcropssuchasrubber,fiberplants,tobacco,andoilseedsusedinsyntheticchemicalcompounds.Moneyisalsoderivedfromraisinganimalsforpelt.Muchoftheforeignexchangeearnedbyacountrymaybederivedfromasinglecommodity;forexample,SriLankadependsontea,Denm
8、arkspecializesindairyproducts,Australiainwool,andNewZealandandArgentinainmeatprodu
