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时间:2020-08-08
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1、ReadingComprehensionPassage1WhatIsaLie?Whatexactlyisalie?Isitanythingwesaywhichweknowisuntrue?Orisitsomethingmorethanthat?Forexample,supposeafriendwantstoborrowsomemoneyfromyou.Yousay“IwishIcouldhelpyoubutI’mshortofmoneymyself.”Infact,youarenotshortofmoney,butyourfriendisinthehabitofnotpayinghisde
2、btsandyoudon’twanttohurthisfeelingsbyremindinghimofthis.Isthisreallyalie?ProfessorJeraldJellisonoftheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniahasmadeascientificstudyoflying.Accordingtohim,womenarebetterliarsthanmen,particularlywhentellinga“whitelie”,suchaswhenawomanatapartytellsanotherwomanthatshelikesherdre
3、sswhenshereallythinksitlooksawful.However,thisisonlyonesideofthestory.Otherresearcherssaythatmenaremorelikelytotellmoreseriouslies,suchasmakingapromisewhichtheyhavenointentionoffulfilling.Thisisthekindofliepoliticiansandbusinessmenaresupposedtobeparticularlyskilledat:theliefromwhichtheliarhopestop
4、rofitorgaininsomeway.Researchhasalsobeendoneintothewaypeople’sbehaviourchangesinanumberofsmall,apparentlyunimportantwayswhentheylie.Ithasbeenfoundthatiftheyaresittingdownatthetime,theytendtomoveaboutintheirchairsmorethanusual.Tothetrainedobservertheyaresaying“IwishIweresomewhereelsenow”.Theyalsote
5、ndtotouchcertainpartsoftheface,inparticularthenose.Oneexplanationofthismaybethatlyingcausesaslightincreaseinbloodpressure.Thetipofthenoseisverysensitivetosuchchangesandtheincreasedpressuremakesititch.AnothergesturewhichgivesliarsawayiswhatthewriterDesmondMorrisinhisbookManWatchingcalls“themouthcov
6、er”.Hesaysthereareseveraltypicalformsofthis,suchascoveringpartofthemouthwiththefingers,touchingtheupper-liporputtingthehandatonesideofthemouth.Suchagesturecanbeunderstoodasanunconsciousattemptonthepartoftheliartostophimselforherselffromlying.Ofcourse,suchgesturesasrubbingthenoseorcoveringthemoutho
7、rmovingaboutinachaircannotbetakenasproofthatthespeakerislying.Theysimplytendtooccurmorefrequentlyinthissituation.Itisnotonegesturealonethatgivestheliarawaybutawholenumberofthings,andinparticularthecontextinwhicht
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