名词性从句--ppt复习进程.pptx

《名词性从句--ppt复习进程.pptx》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。

名词性从句Nounclauses 我的梦想是我能进入一所重点大学。MydreamisthatIcanenterakeyuniversity.我能进入一所重点大学是我的梦想。ThatIcanenterakeyuniversityismydream.IhaveadreamthatIcanenterakeyuniversity.我有一个梦想我能进入一所重点大学我总是梦想着我能进入一所重点大学。IalwaysdreamthatIcanenterakeyuniversity. 定义:在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句。作用:在复合句中作宾语、表语、主语和同位语。因此，名词性从句又可分为宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句和同位语从句。 请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句WhatIwanttodoistakingabath.Thenewsthattheywonthegamespreadthewholeschool.Idon’tthinkheisanhonestboy.Thefactisthathestolethecar.Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar?Itissaidthattheywonthegame.(主从)(同位语从句)(宾从)(表从)(同位语从句)(主从) 一、宾语从句1.作动词的宾语1)引导词that可省略Ihear(that)hewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.2)由what,whether(if)引导Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.3)动词+间接宾语+宾语从句Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation. 2.作介词的宾语Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.3.It作为形式宾语Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.1)动词如make,find,think,feel,consider,believe等后面有宾补时，可用结构make/find等+it+宾补（adj/n)+宾语从句。Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofboi-ledwatereveryday. 2)有些表示好恶的动词及动词短语后，如enjoy,like,love,appreciate,dislike,hate,can’thelp,seeto,dependon,即这些动词及动词短语后面的宾语从句前要加it.Ihateitwhentheyspeakwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.Iwouldappreciateitifyouhelpedme.Seetoitthatchildrendon’tcatchcold 宾语从句的引导词1)连词:that,if,whether2)连接代词:who,whose,what,which3)连接副词:when,where,how,whyShetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme. Idon’tknowifhewillattendtheparty.Idon’tknowwhoknockedatthedoor.Doyouknowwhosecaritis?Canyoutellmewhattheyaredoing?Idon’tknowwhichschoolshestudiesin? Pleasetellmewhenthetrainarrives.Couldyoutellmewhereyouarefrom?LetmetellyouhowmuchIspentonthecar.Peterknewwhyhisfatherwassoangry. 主句的谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定词not,一般要把否定词not转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定.1.否定的转移Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.宾语从句的注意事项： 2.that不能省略的情况1）that引导动词后的宾语从句时,可省略。但如果宾语从句是并列句时，引导第二个分句的that不可省略。Hesaid(that)hewaslateforschoolagainandthattheteacherwouldpunishhim.2)that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromthesouth. 3.宾语从句的时态1)主句用过去时,且从句中有具体的时间状语则用过去式(如从句表示客观真理,可用现在时)Hesaidhewasbornin1980.YesterdayTomsaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.2)主句为现在时时,从句可根据需要选用各种时态IthinkthattheGreen’shaveleftforHawaii.Iwanttoknowif/whetherhewillgosurfingthisafternoon. 3)以下动词后加宾语从句，从句需用should+do,should可以省的虚拟语气。一个坚持insist,两个命令order,command三个建议suggest,propose,advise四个要求demand,require,request,desireItwassuggestedthatmoreteachersshouldbesenttheretohelpthem.Tominsistedthathisleadershipberecognizedbyalltheboys. 练习:用whose,whom,what,how,that填空.1.Ithink____hewillbeallrightinafewdays.2.Doyouknow_____theyarewaitingfor?3.Heasked_____dictionaryitwas.4.Pleasepayattentionto_____theteachersaid.5.Canyoutellme_____Icangettotherailwaystation?thatwhomwhosewhathow 二、表语从句表语从句放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”1、由that引导，that不作成分，只起连接作用，且that不可以省略。Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.2、由whether引导表示不确定，由because引导表示原因。Thepointiswhetherweshouldlendhimthemoney.ItisbecauseIhaveeverheardofthestory. 3.what,which,who,whom,whose等连接代词及when,where,how,why等连接副词既引导句子又充当一定的句子成分.Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.Thequestionishowhedidit.Thatwaswhatshedidthismorningonreachingtheattic.4.asif常与look,seem,sound等连系动词连用.Shelooksasifshewouldcry.5.在一些表示“建议，劝说，命令”的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。Mysuggestionisthatwe（should）startearlytomorrow. 经典试题1.Wecannotfigureout____quiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout.A.thatB.asC.whyD.when2.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin____wasawastelandtenyearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where3.Parentsaretaughttounderstand__importanteducationistotheirchildren’sfuture.A.thatB.howC.suchD.so4.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis____Idisagree.A.whyB.whereC.whatD.howCABB 5.IthinkFatherwouldliketoknow___I’vebeenuptosofar,soIdecidetosendhimaquicknote.A.whichB.whyC.whatD.how6.Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.Ican’tunderstand___theyinsistongoingbymotorbike.A.whyB.whetherC.whenD.how7.---Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?---Oh,that’s____.A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited8.PeoplehaveheardwhatthePresidenthassaid;theyarewaitingtosee___hewilldo.A.howB.thatC.whenD.whatCAAD 9.---Ithinkit’sgoingtobeabigproblem.---Yes,itcouldbe.---Iwonder___wecandoaboutit.A.ifB.howC.whatD.that10.Perseveranceisakindofquality--andthat’s___ittakestodoanythingwell.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.why11.Ireallydon’tknow___Ihadthisphototaken.A.whereitwasthatB.itwasthatC.whereitwasD.itwaswhyCAA 12.Nevertake___forgrantedthatIwillhelpyou.Betterdependonyourself.A.thatB.itC.whichD.this13.Itlooks___heisunhappytoday.A.thatB.ifC.asifD.whether14.ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo___Icantosavethem.A.whateverB.thatC.whichD.whichever15.Theoldwomanwasshockedby___hadhappenedtoherdaughter.A.whomB.whichC.thatD.whatBCAD 三、主语从句主语从句通常放在主句谓语动词之前,如Whowillwinthegameisunknown.1.it作形式主语的四个主要句型1)It+be+名词词组(nowonder,anhonor,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,etc.)+that从句It’sapitythatwecan’tgo.It’snosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame.或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 2)It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从句Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything.3)It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that从句ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.ItisreportedthatChinahassentanotherman-madeearthsatelliteintoorbit. 4)It+不及物动词(seem,happen等)+that从句ItseemedthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall.IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.2.主语从句的主谓一致主语从句多表示单一概念,因此主句谓语动词多用单数.what引导的从句根据表达的含义来确定谓语动词的单复数.Whenandwherewe’llgoisn’tdecided.Whatweneedarebooks/iswater. 3.What与that的用法区别what在从句中作主语、宾语、表语,而that则不作句子成分.Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.Thatsheisstillaliveisgoodnews.4.Whether和if的用法区别1)通常,引导主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句用whether不用ifItdoesn’tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.Theproblemiswhethershewillhaveenoughtime. 2)正式文体中，与ornot连用时，用whether.Iwonderwhetheritisbigenoughornot.注意，在口语中“if…ornot”可接受，但连写的“ifornot”总是错误的。3)做介词的宾语时用whether.Ihaven’tsettledthequestionofwhetherI’llgobackhome.4)与不定式连用只能用whether.Shehasn’tdecidedwhethertogoornot. 经典试题1.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,___ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how2.Ihavealwaysbeenhonestandstraightforward,anditdoesn’tmatter___I’mtalkingto.A.whoisitB.whoitisC.itiswhoD.itiswhom3.___madetheschoolproudwas____morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversity.A.What;becauseB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That.;becauseBBB 4.Itisprettywellunderstood___controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.A.thatB.whenC.howD.what5.__wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan_wehave.A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what6.---WhatdoyouthinkofChina?---__differentlifeistodayfrom__itusedtobe.How,whatB.What,whatC.How,thatD.What,that7.___youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether8.___Iwasfreethatevening.IthappenedtoB.IthappenedthatC.ThathappenedD.ItwashappenedthatDAACB 9.Itwastrue__Alicedidsurprisehermother.A.thatB.whatC.that,whatD.what,that10.It’snotyetclear__ofthosewillbechosentodothejob.A.thatB.whomC.whichD.whose11.__inthenewspaperthattheJapaneseministerwillarrivenextMonday.A.ItsaysB.ItissaidC.IthassaidD.Heissaid12.__wehaveseenisquitedifferentfrom__wehaveheard.A.That,thatB.What,thatC.That,whatD.What,what13.__Ihavewillbeyourssoonerorlater.A.NomatterwhatB.NomatterwhateverC.WhateverD.That14.___wasawell-knownfact.A.ThattheirteamwasweakB.Thattheirteambeingweak.C.TheirteamwasweakD.IftheirteamwasweakCCBDCA 用主语从句完成句子.1._____________________(她赢了这场比赛)madeusveryhappy.2.________________(所需要的)iscarefulpreparation.3.__________________________(她是否来)doesn’tmattertoomuch.4.Thathewillsucceediscertain.(用it句型改写)______________________________________5.Whyhedidthisisnotknown.(用it句型改写)______________________________________ThatshewonthegameWhatisneededWhethersheiscomingornotItiscertainthathewillsucceed.Itisnotknownwhyhedidthis. 四、同位语从句同位语从句一般用whether，that等词引导，常放在名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系。1.同位语从句的先行词多为fact,news,idea,thought,question,reply,report,belief,hope,message,doubt,truth,information,theory,plan等,关联词多用从属连词that.WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome?Theywereallverymuchworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick. 2.同位语从句意义完整,应用that;意义不完整需增加“是否”的含义,应用whether；需要增加“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式”等含义，应用when，where，how等词。Ihavenoideawhetherhe’llcomeornot.Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.3.表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气（should+动词原形，should可省略）Thisisouronlyrequestthatthis(should)besettledassoonaspossible.Thegeneralgavetheorderthatthesoldiersshouldcrosstheriveratonce. 1.that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别句法功能上意义上that引导的同位语从句that引导的定语从句只起连接从句的作用,无意义,在从句中不充当句子成分,不可省略替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用,还充当句子成分.若在从句中作宾语可省略.从句是对名词内容的解释说明从句起修饰限定作用,是定语名词性从句中易错易混现象 ThenewsthatMr.LiwillbeournewEnglishteacheristrue.Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdayistrue.同位语从句,that不可省略定语从句,that在从句中作told的宾语,可省略 填上适当的连接词1.Ihavenoidea_____hewillbeback.2.Weheardthenews_____ourteamhadwon.3.Therearosethequestion______wecouldgettheloan4.Thesuggestion____theplan(should)bedelayedwillbediscussedtomorrow.5.Haveyouheardthenews_____Marywillbebacksoon?whenthatwherethatthat 2名词性从句用陈述句语序。Whenwewillleavehereisuncertain.3who,whom,which,what等与whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever的区别Whowilltakethepositionisunderdiscussion.(who意为“谁”带有疑问色彩)Whoevertakesthepositionshouldberesponsibleforourcompany.(whoever意为“任何人”相当于anyonewho.Hewantswhatever(anythingthat）Ihave. 4because,why引导表语从句Thatwasbecausehedidn’tworkhard.ThatwaswhyIaskedthreedays’leave.不能说Thereasonisbecause….CanIspeaktowhoever(anyonewho)isinchargeofthecompany? 1.Noonecanbesure____inamillionyears.A.whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwillmanlooklikeC.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike2.Doyouknow____he’sgettingalongwellwithhisEnglish?A.howB.thatC.whatD.which3.Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcometothepartyis____hewasill.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.when4.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s____youleftit.A.thereB.whereC.therewhereD.wherethereABCB 5._____morecountriescanusenaturalenergyinfuture____tobeseen.Whether;remainsB.What;remainsC.Who;remainedD.If;remains6.___shecouldn’tunderstandwas___fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that7.___surprisesmemostisthatshedoesn’tevenknow____thedifferencebetweenthetwolies.What;whereB.What;whatC.That;whereD.That;whatAAA 8.____isnotyetdecided____thetestwillbegiven.That;whenB.It;whoC.That;whoD.It;when9.ItwasknowntoallthatWilliamhadbrokenhispromise____hewouldgiveusarise.A.whichB.whyC.thatD.whether10.Wordhascome____someBritishguestswillcomeforavisittoourcompanynextmonth.A.whatB.thatC.whetherD.whenDCB