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1、现在分词用法归纳modifiedbylex一、现在分词的结构二、现在分词的结构含义三、现在分词的句法功能四、独立主格结构五、现在分词的主动表被动含义知识提纲1.现在分词的主动式的一般式和完成式。一般式用来指和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为；完成式（having+过去分词）用来指在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如：Beingastudent,hewasinterestedinbooks.Havingstudiedinuniversityfor3years,heknowsthewayverywell.二、现在分词的结构含义2.现在分词的被动式的
2、一般式和完成式。当句子的主语是分词动作的承受者时，分词用被动语式；如果强调分词的动作先于谓语的动作，就用分词完成式被动形式。如：Thequestionbeingdiscussedisimportant.Havingbeencriticizedbytheteacher,LiMinggaveupsmoking.【注】：beingdone不能作状语havingbeendone不能作定语分词不管充当什么成分，都和所修饰的名词或者代词或者句子的主语形成主谓关系。1.作定语分词短语作定语时，分词短语放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前。相
3、当于定语从句。如：Themanstandingbythewindowsisourteacher.（standing和所修饰的man形成主谓关系）Inthefollowingyearsheworkedevenharder.三、现在分词的句法功能〓whoisstandingbythewindows〓Intheyearsthatfollowed【注】分词作前置定语(不同含义）1.下列由动词变成形容词化的分词表达不同的含义。V-ing表示他人他物令人感到怎么样。V-ed本身自己感到怎么样。interesting,interested;exciting,exc
4、ited;annoying,annoyed;amazing,amazed;amusing,amused;astonishing,astonished;boring,bored;confusing,confused;disappointing,disappointed;encouraging,encouraged;embarrassing,embarrassed;frightening,frightened;inspiring,inspiredHehada________(terrifying,terrified)lookinhiseyes.Thebo
5、yansweredina________(frightening,frightened)voice.terrifiedfrightenedHis son was. The old man felt unhappy.His son was,soheregrettednothavingpreparedmuchforthetest.2.有些形容词化的分词表到不同的含义。V-ing表示动作正在进行。V-ed表示动作已完成，不表被动。rising/risen,falling/fallen,developing/developed,changing/change
6、d,fading/faded,boiled/boiling,drowning/drownedChinaisadevelopingcountry.(发展中的)Americaisadevelopedcountry.（发达的）disappointingdisappointedboilingwaterboiledwaterfadingflowersfadedflowersadrowningmanadrownedmanfallingleavesfallenleavesaretiredworkeranescapedprisonerreturnedstudents
7、正在沸腾的已经沸腾过的正在凋谢的已经凋谢的快要淹死的已经淹死的正在飘落的树叶落叶退休工人逃犯归国留学生分词作定语相当于定语从句(1).Theboysittingunderthattreeismybrother.Theboywhoissittingunderthattreeismybrother.Iknowthepeoplebuildingthehousethere.IknowthepeoplewhoarebuildingthehousethereThebuildingcompletedlastmonthisabankThebuildingthatwa
8、scompletedlastmonthisabankThehousebeingbuiltovertherei
