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1、园艺学原理Chapter.1-导论1园艺HORTICULTUREHORTICULTUREHortus+Cultura园圃生产栽培2HORTICULTUREDEFINEDThewordhorticulture(园艺)wasfirstusedinthe1600s.Itisderivedfromtwolatinwords:hortus,whichmeansgarden(庭园),andcultura,whichmeanscultivation(栽培).Therefore,initsstrictestsense
2、,horticulturemeans“cultivatedgarden,”ormorecommonly,“cultureofgardenplants.“(庭园植物的栽培)3何谓「园艺」?园艺(Horticulture)是生产水果、蔬菜、花卉等作物及其利用的一种事业;它是农业的一支,也是环境及生命科学中重要的部门,更是日常生活上不可或缺的科技常识。园艺事业不但可以作企业性的经营,还可作副业性的生产和娱乐性的栽培。4whatisthisfieldcalledHorticulture?It‘sthescie
3、nceandartofproducingnutritiousfoodforthebody(身体的补品)-fruit,nut,andvegetablecrops-andbeautifulfoodforthesoul(心灵的美食)-flowersandornamentalplants,landscapes,andlawns.Inshort,horticultureimpactsusalleveryday,dayinanddayout(Figure1-1).5园艺的影响6Ishorticultureasci
4、enceoranart?Thisisanage-oldquestionandhorticultureisundoubtedlyboth.(既是科学又是艺术)Thisiswherepracticalexperience(经验)willbehelpful.Theartofhorticultureandpianoplaying.Beethoven.Grafting(嫁接)isanexampleofcombiningtheartandscienceofhorticulture.Seldomdoallhorti
5、culturistsagreeoneverythingrelatingtoplants.Surprisingly,however,twoscientistscanbothbecorrect.7园艺的重要性水果、蔬菜、花卉是重要的经济作物,可增加农民的收入,亦可赚取外汇。水果、蔬菜可提供维生素、无机盐、纤维素等,有益健康。花卉及观赏植物可美化环境、净化空气、减少噪音、调节大气温度及湿度。从事园艺活动可以陶冶性情,亦可用来医疗病患。8NoHorticulture?Noorangejuiceforbreak
6、fast,nostrawberriesonyourcereal,noblueberrymuffins.Noflowersonthetable,noMonetorvanGoghprintsframedonthewall.Noshrubberyorlawntoenhancetheaestheticsandvalueofyourhome(didyouknowthatlandscapingenhancesthevalueofahomebyasmuchas20%?).Nofruitsorvegetablesto
7、enrichyourdiet(diseasessuchasscurvyandnightblindnesswouldberampantbecauseofalackofvitaminsCandA).Noalternativestocerealsassourcesofthebasicneedsforcaloriesandprotein,sincepotatoes,cassava,beans,andpeaswouldbeunavailable.Nogolfcoursesforyourleisuretime,n
8、osports-turfsforfootball,soccer,croquet,andlawntennis.Nocoffeebreaks,nochocolatebars,noafternoontea!9园艺在农业上扮演的角色园艺作物的生产与其他农业不同,它需要较为精细的技术和集约的管理。种类与品种既多,质量的差异性也大;而且园艺作物的经济收益又较一般的农作物为高。近年来,在经济自由化趋势下,农业亦已进入国际性剧烈产销竞争时期,为因应此一发展趋势,促进农业