物理化学 傅献彩版 知识归纳.pdf

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1、目录第一章气体···································································································（1）第二章热力学第一定律···············································································（3）第三章热力学第二定律··························································

2、·····················（5）第四章多组分系统热力学及其在溶液中的应用········································（8）第五章相平衡·····························································································（11）第六章化学平衡········································································

3、·················（12）第七章统计热力学基础·············································································（14）第八章电解质溶液·····················································································（16）第九章可逆电池的电动势及其应用·············································

4、············（18）第十章电解与极化·····················································································（20）第十一章化学动力学基础（一）·····························································（21）第十二章化学动力学基础（二）·····························································（2

5、2）第十三章表面物理化学·············································································（24）第十四章胶体分散系统和大分子溶液·····················································（25）乐山师范学院化学与生命科学学院物理化学知识点归纳根据傅献彩物理化学第五版总结编写，红色的公式要求重点掌握，蓝色的公式掌握。第一章气体1.理想气体状态方程mρpVn=RTpVR=Tp=RTMM适用于理想气体，

6、近似适用于低压气体。2.5个经验定律Boyle-Marriote定律：等温条件下一定量的气体，体积与压力成反比。pVp=V1122VV12Charles-Gat-Lussac定律：等压下一定量的气体，体积与温度成正比。=TT12Avogadro定律：等温等压下，同体积的各种气体所含分子数相同。nRTiDalton分压定律：混合气体的总压等于各气体分压之和。pp==xiiVAmagat分体积定律：在一定的温度压力下，混合气体的体积等于组成该混合气体各组nRTi分的分体积之和。VV==xiip3.分子运动的速率分布1.52dNv4⎛⎞m

7、m2⎛⎞v=−⎜⎟vvexp⎜⎟d代表分子速率介于vvv~(+d)之间的分子占Nkπ⎝⎠22T⎝⎠kT总分子数的分数。1.5dNE21⎛⎞1.5⎛⎞E=−⎜⎟EEexp⎜⎟d代表分子能量介于E~(EE+d)之间的分子Nkπ⎝⎠T⎝⎠kT占总分子数的分数。NEE1→∞exp⎛⎞1=−⎜⎟代表能量超过E的分子占总分子数的分数。1Nk⎝⎠TNE→∞⎛⎞EE−2=−exp⎜⎟21代表能量超过E与能量超过E的分子数的比值。21NkE→∞⎝⎠T122kTRT最概然速率：v==mmM88kTRT平均速率：v==aππmM1乐山师范学院化学与生命科

8、学学院33kTRT根均方速率：u==mM注意：m是一个分子的质量，M是1摩尔物质的质量，单位均为：kg。4.分子碰撞频率和平均自由程一个分子移动，其他分子不动，移动着的分子在单位时间内与其他分子相碰撞的次数：2zvdn'=πa2当其他