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1、Unit3GrammarTheUseof-ingForm(2)usedasthepredictive,attributeandobjectcomplement一、-ing形式作表语1.-ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后,用来泛指某种动作或行为,以说明主语的身份、性质或特征。如:Herhobbyispainting.Myjobislookingafterthechildren.TheTVplayisveryinteresting.Thespeechisinspiring.动名词现在分词2.下列表示“变成”、“保持”、“感觉”等意义的动词有系动词的
2、特征,可与某些现在分词构成主系表结构:comerunninggetgoing/movingremainstandingliedyingstandlookingsitwaiting二、-ing形式作定语1.单个动词的-ing形式(动名词或现在分词)作定语位于被修饰名词的前面,既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能,也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。如:buildingmaterials=materialsforbuilding建筑材料drinkingwater=waterfordrinking饮用水awalkingstick=astickforwalkin
3、g手杖areadingroom=aroomforreading阅览室awritingdesk=adeskforwriting写字台动名词boringspeech=speechthatisboringasurprisingresult=aresultthatissurprisingasleepingboy=aboywhoissleeping现在分词2.-ing形式短语作定语时,放在所修饰的名词之后,并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。如:Theywillmoveintothebuildingbeingbuilt.=Theylivedinaroomth
4、atisbeingbuilt.ThemanstandingthereisPeter’sfather.=ThemanwhoisstandingthereisPeter’sfather.3.-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语,相当于一个非限制性定语从句,这时,它与句子其它部分用逗号分开。如:Hisbrother,workingasateacher,livesinBeijing.=Hisbrother,whoisworkingasateacher,livesinBeijing.注意:分词完成式不能用作后置定语。表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作,用定语从
5、句。如果是被动结构,直接用过去分词。如:Theboywhohadbrokentheschoolrulewaspunished.Thebuildingcompletedattheendoflastyearcost800millionyuan.三、-ing形式作宾语补足语1.动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面,表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作,强调一个过程或一种状态。如:Whenwereturnedtotheschool,wefoundastrangerstandingattheentrance.Ifoundabaglyingonthegro
6、und.Thebosskepttheworkersworkingthewholenight.2.当主句转换为被动结构时,原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转变为主语补足语。如:Theyfoundtheresultverysatisfying.=Theresultwasfoundverysatisfying.Theyheardhimsinginginthenextroom.=Hewasheardsinginginthenextroom.3.能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:(1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词,常见的有feel,hear,lis
7、tento,see,watch,notice,observe,lookat等。如:a.Wesawalightburninginthewindow.b.Ifeltsomebodypattingmeontheshoulder.c.Canyousmellanythingburning?d.Ashespoke,heobservedeverybodylookingathimcuriously.e.Listentothebirdssinging.f.Ididn’tnoticehimwaiting.(2)表示“发现”、“闻到”、“致使”的动词,常见的有fin
8、d,smell,catch,get,have,keep,leave,send,set等。a.Iwon’thaveyoudoingthat.b.Thej