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1、CollegeEnglishWriting《大学英语写作》Lecture1HowtoUseWordsHowtoWriteWell1.Readmoreandreadwell(多读善读)读书破万卷,下笔如有神熟读唐诗三百首,不会写诗也会吟开卷有益ReadingisalwaysprofitableSomebookstobetasted,otherstobeswallowedandsomefewtobechewedanddigested…(有些书可以一尝,有些书可以吞下,有不多的几部书则应当咀嚼消化,…..对于少数好书,则要精读、细读、反复地读。)阅读时要注意下面四点:1)语篇结构2)句
2、法结构3)词汇惯用法和固定搭配4)英汉两种语言在表达方面的异同2.Practicemoreandwritemore(勤写多练)Writingisalwaysprofitable.各种形式的写作实践:写英文日记diary、书信letters、做汉译英练习translation、写文章摘要abstracts、写读后感、缩写短篇名著、写各种命题作文compositions、写观后感等等。多读胸中有本,勤写笔下生花3.LearnandMasterwritingskills(掌握写作技巧)一般的英语写作可分为两大阶段:写前准备阶段(prewriting)写作和修改阶段(Writingandr
3、ewriting)写作的过程1)审题:审清写作的文体、主题、题目要求的对象和范围、写作的侧重点等。2)拟写提纲:理清思路,规划文章的框架结构,勾画文章的轮廓;主次分明,脉络清楚。3)提笔成文:开个好头、自然行文、准确表达、句式多样、自然结尾。J.Austin:PrideandPrejudiceItisatruthuniversallyacknowledgedthatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife.(一个举世公认的真理….)4)复读与修改:斟酌句式文法,用词准确,表达完整;文稿格式,标点符号的正确使用,大
4、小写,字体书法等。HowtoUseWordsHowtoUseWordsI.WordFormation:1.Conversion(转化):Nothingdriessoonerthanatear.什么也没有眼泪干得快。Onlythuscanwebetterthelifeofthepeople.2.Compounding(合成):Whattheyneedisadown-to-earthspirit.Shesentmeaforget-me–never.3.Derivation(派生):词根(Base)+后缀(Suffixes):globe,global,globalize,globaliz
5、ation词根(Base)+前缀(Prefixes):like:dislike,unlike;write:pre-write,rewrite4.Clipping(截短法)或Shortening(缩短法):1)截头:telephone—phoneaeroplane—planebicycle—cycle2)去尾:advertisement—admathematics—mathsexamination—exam5.Blends(混合词):newsbroadcast—newscast新闻广播televisionbroadcast—telecast电视播送6.Acronym(首字母缩略词):
6、WTO—WorldTradeOrganizationUNESCO;OPEC;NBA不及物动词汇+介词:dependon,relyon,insiston,concentrateon,focusonbelievein,persistin,participatein,succeedin,specializeinaccountfor说明,compensatefor补偿,apologizefor,payforconsistof,approveof,dreamof,informof,remindofescapefrom,sufferfrom,benefitfrom,refrainfrom抑制,
7、aimat,laughat,stareat,gazeatobjectto,referto,confessto承认,reactto,动词+doing:abandon,admit,advocate倡导,anticipate期望,预料,appreciate感激,欣赏,avoid,bebusydoing,can’tfacedoing不能面对,can’thelpdoing不禁,can’tstanddoing不能忍受,celebratedoing,2.介词短语:becauseof