状语从句 PPT课件.ppt

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状语从句状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词，按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。从句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号，放在句末时，从句前一般不用逗号。 （1）when,as,while（从属连词）when即可引导持续性动作，又可引导短暂性动作。它可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。如：WhenIwasaboy,IusedtogototheseashoreonSundays.（同时）Whenthelessonwasover,webeganourwriting.（从句动作在前）1、时间状语从句：引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：when,while,as,whenever,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas,once,themoment,immediately,nosooner…than,hardly…when,bythetime,everytime,lasttime…等引导。 as引导持续性动作，侧重主句和从句的动作同时发生。Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.Isawyoursisterasshewasgettingonthebusyesterday.Hesangashewalked.While：指的是“在某一时间里”，“在…期间”，从句里的动作必须是持续性的，它也强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，往往侧重主句和从句动作的对比。如：WhilehewasinLondon,hestudiedmusic.WhilewewerewatchingTV,hewaswritingacomposition. 当when,as,while表示“在…一段时间里”，主从句的动作同时发生时，可以换用。如：While(When或As)wewerediscussing,Mr.Smithcamein.*when可表示“如果”。如：Don’tbeafraidofaskingforhelp_____itisneeded.(’03全国）A.UnlessB.sinceC.althoughD.when*while可表示“虽然，尽管”。如：1)____modelingbusinessisbynomeanseasytogetinto,thegoodmodelwillalwaysbeindemand.(’04浙江）A.WhileB.SinceC.AsD.If 2)_____Iacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.(’04江苏）A.WhileB.SinceC.BeforeD.UnlessWhen和while（并列连词），while表示对照的意思。When表示“这时，突然…”Idoeverysinglebitofhousework____myhusbandBobjustdoesthedishesnowandthen.(’04广西）A.sinceB.whileC.whenD.as2)Hewasabouttotellmethesecret____someonepattedhimontheshoulder.(’02上海）A.asB.untilC.whileD.when 3)Wewereswimminginthelake____suddenlythestormstarted.(’04北京春招）A.WhenB.whileC.untilD.before4)Jasminewasholidayingwithherfamilyinawildlifepark____shewasbittenonthelegbyalion.(’04上海）A.WhenB.whileC.sinceD.before(2)till和until①如果主句谓语动词是持续动词，通常用肯定式的主句，表示“直到…为止”。如：Iworkedtill(until)hecameback.1)Agoodstorytellermustbeabletoholdhislisteners’curiosity_____hereachestheendofthestory.(’03上海）A.whenB.unlessC.afterD.until2)Weweretoldthatweshouldfollowthemainroad___wereachedthecentralrailwaystation.(’04辽宁）A.wheneverB.untilC.whileD.wherever ②如果主句谓语动词是瞬间动词，则用否定式的主句表示“直到…才”。如：Ididn’tgotobeduntil(till)hecameback.③放在句首表示强调时一般用until。如：Untilhereturns,nothingcanbedone.3)---Washisfatherverystrictwithhimwhenhewasatschool?---Yes.Hehadneverpraisedhim_____hebecameoneofthetopstudentsinhisgrade.(’03春招）A.afterB.unlessC.untilD.when4)Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver___howseriousthepollutionwas.(NMET95)didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealizedC.thevillagersdidrealizeD.didn’tthevillagersrealize *如果before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时不能译成“在…之前”，而要译成“就”、“才”等。如：ThestrugglelastedfouryearsbeforetheNorthwonintheend.Healmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme.1)Someonecalledmeupinthemiddleofthenight,buttheyhungup____Icouldanswerthephone.(’00全国）A.asB.sinceC.untilD.before2)Hemadeamistake,butthenhecorrectedthesituation___itgotworse.(’03北京）A.untilB.whenC.beforeD.as(3)before“在…之前”BeforeIcamedownstairsIhadpreparedmyselfverycarefullyforwhatImustsay. 3)Scientistssayitmaybefiveorsixyears____itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients.(’04福建）A.sinceB.afterC.beforeD.when4)Itwasevening_____wereachedthelittletownofWinchester.(’04天津）A.thatB.untilC.sinceD.before(4)bythetime,eachtime,everytime,immediately,themoment,theinstant,theminute,soonafter,shortlyafter都可以作为连词，引导时间状语。如：Bythetimehewasfourteen,hehadtaughthimselfadvancedmathematics.Eachtimehecame,hewouldcallonme.Youmustshowhiminimmediatelyhecomes.IrecognizedhimthemomentIsawhim. 注意：时间状语从句中谓语动词不能用任何一种将来时，只能用现在时和过去时表示将来时。---DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?---Yes,Igaveittoher______Isawher.(’01全国春招）A.whileB.themomentC.suddenlyD.once 2、地点状语从句：通常由连词where和wherever引导。如：Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.Whereveryougo,youmustwritetoyourparents.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Wherethereistoomuch,thepoisonandwastemaydogreatharmtothethingsaroundus.1)Thefamousscientistgrewup____hewasbornandin1930hecametoShanghai.(’02上海春招）A.whenB.wheneverC.whereD.wherever2)Shefoundhercalculator_____shelostit.(’00上海）A.whereB.whenC.inwhichD.that 3、原因状语从句：通常由连词：because,as,since,nowthat引导。注意：①在强调句中强调原因状语从句，只能用because引导，不可用as或since，如：Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn’tgowithus.②because可以引导表语从句,而as,since不可以，这时状语一般都是it,this,thatIt’sbecauseheistoolazy.③for也表示“因为”，但是并列连词，它连接的不是状语从句，语气比较强。Itmustbemorning,forthebirdsaresinging. 1)Parentsshouldtakeseriouslytheirchildren’srequestsforsunglasses____eyeprotectionisnecessaryinsunnyweather.(’04上海）A.becauseB.thoughC.unlessD.if2)Thechangesinthecitywillcostquitealot,____theywillsaveusmoneyinthelongrun.(’00全国春招）A.orB.sinceC.forD.but 4、目的状语从句：通常由that,sothat,inorderthat,so…that,lest,incase（以防、免得）等引导：Hegotupearlyinorderthathecouldcatchtheearlybus.Shemarriedhimsothatshemighttendandcomforthim.Iexplainedagainandagainincaseheshouldmisunderstandme.注意:目的状语从句中谓语动词常含有may(might),can(could)should,will等情态动词。*lest(以免，免得),forfearthatIhidthebooklest(=forfearthat)heshouldseeit. 1)Johnshuteverybodyoutofthekitchen_____hecouldpreparehisgrandsurprisefortheparty.(’02全国）A.whichB.whenC.sothatD.asif2)Rosesneedspecialcare_____theycanlivethroughwinter.(’04全国）A.becauseB.sothatC.evenfD.as3)Sallyworkedlateintheeveningtofinishherreport___herbosscouldreaditfirstnextmorning.(’03北京春招）A.sothatB.becauseC.beforeD.orelse 5、结果状语从句：Itwasverycold,sothattheriverfroze.Thebookissowrittenthatitgivesaquitewrongideaofthefacts.Thereweresomanypeople(=suchalotofpeople)intheroomthatwecouldnotgetin.Hemadesuchanexcellentspeechthateveryoneadmiredhim.由that,sothat,so…that,such…that引导： 6、条件状语从句:由if,unless,so/aslongas(只要),so/asfaras,incase(that)(如果，万一)等引导：Ifplasticsandrubberareburned,theygiveoffpoisonousgases.Youcangoout,aslongas(solongas)youpromisetobebackbeforeeleven.IncaseIforget,pleaseremindmeaboutthat.注意：条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态不可用将来时，只能用现在时态或过去时态表示将来时。AsfarasIcantell,thewholethingshouldcostabout$500.Unlessyouworkhard,youwillfail, 1)Johnmayphonetonight.Idon’twanttogoout____hephones.(’00全国）A.aslongasB.inorderthatC.incaseD.sothat2)TheWTOcannotliveuptoitsname______itdoesnotincludeacountrythatishometoonefifthofmankind.(’00全国）A.aslongasB.whileC.ifD.eventhough3)Themenwillhavetowaitallday____thedoctorworksfaster.(’01全国春招）A.ifB.unlessC.whetherD.that4)____youcancallmetosayyou’renotcoming,I’llseeyouatthetheatre.(’04吉林）A.ThoughB.WhetherC.untilD.Unless5)Youwillsucceedintheend______yougiveuphalfway.(’01上海春招）A.evenifB.asthoughC.aslongasD.unless 6)____Iknowthemoneyissafe,Ishallnotworryaboutit.(’03北京）A.EventhoughB.UnlessC.AslongasD.While7)---Howfarapartdotheylive?---____Iknow,theyliveinthesameneighborhood.(’03上海）A.AslongasB.AsfarasC.AswellasD.Asoftenas8)____Icansee,thereisonlyonepossiblewaytokeepawayfromthedanger.(’04北京春招）A.AslongasB.AsfarasC.JustasD.Evenif 7、方式状语从句：Theteachertoldthestudentstodoashedid.Leaveitasitis.Heheardanoise,asifsomeonewasbreathing.Isawthemanlookingabouthimasifhewishedtoimpressuponhismindeverything.asif和asthough意义和用法大致一样，引导的从句多用虚拟语气，但也可用陈述语气。HetreatsmeasifIwerehisownson.Hewalkedasifheweredrunk.由连词：as,asif,asthough引导： 8、比较状语从句：由连词as…as,notso(as)…as,than等引导：Ihopeitwasasgoodastheoneyoulentme.Actuallytheoceanfloorarealmostasirregularastheexposedlandarea.Noonecanbemorefitforhisofficethanheis.Hecan’trunsofastasshe.注意：“the+比较级(接从句)，the+比较级(接主句)，这一句型也归在比较状语从句内。如：Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouknow.Theharderwework,thehappierwefeel. AsfarasIamconcerned,educationisaboutlearningandthemoreyoulearn,_____.(’02上海）A.themoreforlifeareyouequippedB.themoreequippedforlifeyouareC.themorelifeyouareequippedforD.youareequippedthemoreforlife 9、让步状语从句：由though,although,as(虽然尽管),evenif,eventhough,wh-ever,nomatter-wh,whether引导.1)Thoughheisold,yetheisactive.2)Althoughmostofthepeopleagreed,somewerenotwillingtoaccepted.3)Proudasthenoblesare,heisafraidtoseeme.Wewouldn’tloseheartevenifweshouldfailtentimes.4)Whenever(=nomatterwhen)youcallonme,youarealwayswelcome.5)Wherever(nomatterwhere)youwork,youcanalwaysfindtimetostudy.6)Taketheoneyoulikebest,whichever(nomatterwhich)itis. 7)NomatterwhatIsayorhowIsayit,healwaysthinksI’mwrong.8)Whetherhecomesornot,we’lldiscusstheproblemthisafternoon.注意：（1）让步状语从句在句中的位置可放前也可放后，有时还可以插在主句中间，前置时，强调主句内容，后置时强调从句内容。（2）though与although同义，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化；后者较正式，多放于句首，不能与but连用，但可以与yet,still等连用，用来加强语气。Though(Although)hewastired,yet(still)hewentonworking. （3）as,however引导让步状语从句时从句部分语序要部分倒装。如：Youngasheis,hecanreadandwriteinseveralforeignlanguage.（表语提前）Youshouldreportanyincident,howeverserousorminoritis.（表语提前）Childashewas,hehadtosupportthefamily.（表语名词提前并常省去冠词）Tryasshemight,Suecouldn’tgetthedooropen.（动词提前）We‘llhavetofinishthejob,howeverlongittakes.Ireallywantthecar,howevermuchitcosts.(副词提前） 5)_____,Ihavetoputitawayandfocusmyattentiononstudythisweek.(’04上海）A.HoweverthestoryisamusingB.NomatteramusingthestoryisC.HoweveramusingthestoryisD.Nomatterhowthestoryisamusing6)Youshouldtrytogetagoodnight’ssleep____muchworkyouhavetodo.(’04湖北）A.howeverB.nomatterC.althoughD.whatever