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1、Chapter6StressDisordersStress,Coping,andtheAnxietyResponseThestateofstresshastwocomponents:Stressor:eventcreatingdemandsStressresponse:reactionstothedemandsInfluencedbyhowweappraise(a)theevent,and(b)ourcapacitytoreacttotheeventeffectivelyPeoplewhosensethattheyhavetheabilityandresourcestocopearem
2、orelikelytotakestressorsinstrideStress,Coping,andtheAnxietyResponseWhenweappraiseastressorasthreatening,thenaturalreactionisfearFearisa“package”ofphysical,emotional,andcognitiveresponsesStressreactions,andthefeartheyproduce,areoftenatplayinpsychologicaldisordersPeoplewhoexperiencealargenumberofs
3、tressfuleventsareparticularlyvulnerabletotheonsetofGAD,socialphobia,panicdisorder,andOCD,aswellasotherpsychologicalproblemsStress,Coping,andtheAnxietyResponseStressalsoplaysamorecentralroleincertainpsychologicaldisorders,including:AcutestressdisorderPosttraumaticstressdisorderTechnically,DSM-IV-
4、TRliststhesepatternsasanxietydisordersStress,Coping,andtheAnxietyResponseStressplaysaclearroleinthedevelopmentofcertainphysicaldisorderscalledpsychophysiologicaldisordersThesedisordersarelistedintheDSM-IVasanAxisIdisorder316.00“psychologicalfactorsaffectingmedicalcondition”StressandArousal: TheF
5、ight-or-FlightResponseThefeaturesofarousalandfeararesetinmotionbythehypothalamusTwoimportantsystemsareactivated:Autonomicnervoussystem(ANS)Anextensivenetworkofnervefibersthatconnectthecentralnervoussystem(thebrainandspinalcord)tothebody’sotherorgansContainstwosystems:sympatheticandparasympatheti
6、cEndocrinesystemAnetworkofglandsthroughoutthebodythatreleasehormonesArousalandFearReactionsTherearetwopathwaysfortheANSandendocrinesystemtoproducearousalandfearreactionsFight-or-FlightResponseCollectivelythesepathwaysprepareustorespondtodangerFigure6.02–PathwaysofArousalandFearStressandArousal:
7、TheFight-or-FlightResponseWhenconfrontingadangeroussituation,thehypothalamusfirstactivatesthesympatheticnervoussystem,whichstimulateskeyorganseitherdirectlyorindirectlyWhentheperceiveddangerpasses,theparasympatheticnervoussy
