大学英语专业语言学重点概念复习.doc

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1、术语解释： Language:Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication. Linguistics:Linguisticsisthescientificandsystematicstudyoflanguage. Designfeatures（甑别性特征）:DesignfeaturesrefertothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunicationArbitrariness(任

2、意性):Itmeansthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsandsounds Productivity/creativity(创造性）:Languageisproductiveorcreativeinthatitmakespossiblethecon-structionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.Recursiveness(递归性）:accordingtosomelinguistictheories,thecapacitythatenablesthegrammarofalangu

3、agetoproduceaninfinitenumberofsentences.Culturaltransmission（文化传递性）：Itreferstothefactthatthedetailsofthelinguisticsystemmustbelearnedanewbyeachspeaker.Languageisnottransmittedbiologicallyfromgenerationtogeneration.Interchangeability(可交替性）：meansthatanyhumanbeingcanbebothaproducerandreceiverofmes

4、sages.Displacement（移位性）:Displacementmeansthathumanlanguageenabletheiruserstosymbolizeobjects,eventsandconceptswhicharenotpresent(intimeandspace)atthemomentofcommunication. Duality（二元性）:Thedualitynatureoflanguagemeansthatlanguageisasystem,whichconsistsoftwosetsofstructure,ortwolevels,oneofsounds

5、andtheotherofmeanings.Informative(信息功能）:Theuseoflanguagetorecordfactstostatewhatthingsarelike,andtoexchangeinformation.InterpersonalFunction(人际功能）:Itisthemostimportantsociologicaluseoflanguage,bywhichpeopleestablishandmaintaintheirstatusinasociety.Performative(行为功能）:Languagecanbeusedtodothings,

6、tochangethesocialstatusortheimmediatestateofaffairsofpeople.EmotiveFunction(情感功能）：Languagecanbeusedtoexpresstheemotionalstateofthespeaker.PhaticCommunion(交流功能）:Thisfunctionreferstoexpressionsthathelpdefineandmaintaininterpersonalrelations.Ritualexchange:exchangethathavelittlemeaningbuthelptomai

7、ntainourrelationshipswithotherpeople.RecreationalFunction(娱乐功能）:theuseoflanguagetohavefun.MetalingualFunction(元语言功能）：languagecanbeusedtoexplainordescribeitselforotherlanguages.研究语言学坚持的原则：Exhaustiveness穷尽性Consistency一致性Economy经济性Ob