asp.net学生信息管理系统—免费毕业设计论文

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计算机工程系软件开发专业毕业设计说明书论文题目学生成绩管理系统 毕业设计任务书1、目标设计一个高校成绩个管理平台，主要功能有：1）学生帐号的生成:可以批量生成某个系到某个班的学生的批量登陆号码和考试号码2）发布成绩:老师可以发布将要考试的成绩,方便同学们查询.3）系统管理:可以自己定制自己喜欢的风格和样式,并在下次登陆的时候保留相关设置!4）成绩管理：可进行网上或手机的分数查询，或将分数自动发到学生的邮箱2、设计要求1）网页设计美观、风格一致、操作方便。2）功能完整，可在要求的基础上进一步扩充，对于该平台要有安全性方面的设计3）运行环境：WINDOWS98/2000/2003/XP4）开发环境及技术：Windows98/2000/XP、ASP.NET+WEB,SQLSERVER（或ACCESS）5）完成成果：（1）设计说明书（2）端源代码及打包文件。（3）使用说明书3、设计步骤及设计进度6）方案设计，时间2周。7）编码与网页设计，时间1周。8）软件测试、设计报告及成果提交，时间1周 4、参考资料《.NET技术》NIIT公司《SQLSERVER》NIIT公司网页设计技术 摘要随着计算机网络的发展，人可以方便的操作电脑做很多事情，并且人和人之间通过计算机网络的交互更加方便和快速了。如果使用计算机网络这些便利，开发一个学生成绩管理系统，可以为老师和学校带来更多的好处，在管理效率方面带来的便利是可以肯定的！在时间和金钱方面的也会节省很多。这个”学生成绩管理系统”是用asp.net,C#语言在vs2005等软件上开发出来的跨平台的成绩管理系统。方便了老师在何时何地，只要有接入计算机互连网的设备，都可以进行对学生的成绩的管理等等操作；同时学生也可以方便的进行成绩的查询以及考试的查询等动作。本文主要阐述学生可以查询成绩以及最高管理员的成绩管理模块、学生可以通过手机上网查成绩模块的设计思想和实现的关键技术。关键词：面向对象、企业库、MVC模式 目录第1章前言-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------04第2章问题的提出----------------------------------------------------------------------------04第3章需求分析------------------------------------------------------------------------------053.1内容-------------------------------------------------------------053.2任务概述---------------------------------------------------------053.3需求规定---------------------------------------------------------05第4章系统设计-------------------------------------------------------------------------------074.1系统结构,结构设计-----------------------------------------------------------------------074.2数据结构设计-----------------------------------------------------------------------------09第5章系统的实现及关键技术------------------------------------------------------------115.1开发环境及工具--------------------------------------------------------------------------115.2关键技术-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------11第6章系统运行效果-------------------------------------------------------------------------15第7章设计心得-------------------------------------------------------------------------------18致谢---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19参考文献------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19毕业设计任务------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19毕业设计评语及成绩评定表------------------------------------------------------21 第1章前言随着计算机网络的发展，人可以方便的操作电脑做很多事情，并且人和人之间通过计算机网络的交互更加方便和快速了。如果使用计算机网络这些便利，开发一个毕业设计提交平台系统，都不知学生和老师们带来了多大好处第2章问题的提出为了解决这些问题，老师提出开发一个“毕业设计提交平台系统”，来通过计算机网络实现毕业设计的提交，本系统要达到的目标：1)l学生可以根据系统给出的每个人的密码和用户名查阅自己的考试成绩和最近的考试通知。2).学生同样可以通过手机上网查询自己的成绩等。3).学生能以邮件的方式得知是否有要成绩查阅和相关要考试的科目。4).管理员可以根据相应的权限执行相关的系统参数设置，已经自己定制的访问页面。5)班主任可以查询自己班的所有成绩和管理自己班学生的相关信息。6).系主任可以管理自己系内的学生的相关信息和考试的通知和成绩的发布等。第3章需求分析3.1内容系统名是：教师助手（学生成绩管理系统）提出者：古凌岚模块：自动发邮件和手机通过上网查成绩开发者：杨炎武3.2任务概述为了让学生可以通过计算机网络来查看自己的成绩和最近发布的考试信息和通知，3.3需求规定成绩查询模块：学生登录后，将显示老师发布的相关考试科目和已经评定的成绩，用户可以根据多种方式查询自己的最近成绩和考试信息和全部的成绩信息。如图：登录学生数据库 查询相关信息老师定制和发布成绩单和最近考试科目：老师登录后，选定制自己班级菜单，就可以填写具体的成绩单和发布相关考试的科目，然后提交给系统保存，最后系统会显示到对应的页面给学生查看；学生通过手机登录后，然后名字和密码正确，就查看该学生有没有成绩，如果有的话，就显示出来，没的话，就告诉还没成绩。登录老师填写考试或成绩信息数据库提交保存学生登录显示成绩信息和最近的考试信息 第4章系统设计系统结构,结构设计：用例图获取自己的ID填写资料-登陆查看成绩信息学生手机查看成绩定制和发布考试信息以及填写成绩单老师数据库名：TeachHelper aspnet_Applications表：用来存放应用的信息名称字段类型是否允许为空备注应用程序名称ApplicationNamenvarchar(156)不允许应用程序名称LoweredApplicationNamenvarchar(156)不允许应用程序IDApplicationIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许PK描述Descriptionnvarchar(256)允许aspnet_Membership表：存放用户表，用户隶属的程序、密码、创建时间、密码修改时间，注释。名称字段类型是否允许为空备注应用程序IDApplicationIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许FK用户IDUserIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许PK密码PasswordNvarchar(128）不允许密码格式PasswordFormatint不允许盐值PasswordSaltNvarchar(128）不允许移动PINMobilePINnvarchar(16)允许EmailEmailnvarchar(256)允许密码问题PasswordQuestionnvarchar(256)允许问题答案PasswordAnswerNvarchar(128）允许是否激活IsApprovedbit不允许是否锁定IsLockedOutBit不允许创建日期CreateDatedatetime不允许最后登录时间LastLoginDatedatetime不允许最后更改密码时间LastPasswordChangedDatedatetime不允许最后锁定时间LastLockoutDatedatetime允许错误密码登录次数FailedPasswordAttemptCountint不允许错误密码登录时间FailedPasswordAttemptWindowStartDatetime不允许密码问题答案错误次数FailedPasswordAnswerAttemptCountint不允许密码问题答案错误时间FailedPasswordAnswerAttemptWindowStartDatetime不允许注释CommentNtext(3000)允许aspnet_Paths表：存放应用和目录的对应关系名称字段类型是否允许为空备注应用程序IDApplicationIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许FK 路径IDPathIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许PK路径PathNvarchar(256)不允许aspnet_PersonalizationAllUsers表：所有用户的个性化页面名称字段类型是否允许为空备注路径IDPathIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许PK页面设置PageSettingsimage不允许最后更新时间LastUpdatedDatedatetime不允许aspnet_PersonalizationPerUser表：对特定用户的个性化设置名称字段类型是否允许为空备注IDIdint不允许PK路径IDPathIduniqueidentifier(16)允许用户IDUserIduniqueidentifier(16)允许页面设置PageSettingsimage不允许最后更新时间LastUpdatedDatedatetime不允许aspnet_Profile表：用户配置文件名称字段类型是否允许为空备注用户IDUserIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许PK属性名称PropertyNamesNtext(6000)不允许属性值PropertyValuesStringNtext(6000)不允许属性值PropertyValuesBinaryimage不允许FK最后更新时间LastUpdatedDatedatetime不允许aspnet_Roles表：对特定应用的用户角色信息名称字段类型是否允许为空备注应用程序IDApplicationIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许FK角色IDRoleIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许PK角色名称RoleNameNvarchar(256)不允许描述DescriptionNvarchar(256)允许 aspnet_Users表：用户表。仅用户名和应用的对应。名称字段类型是否允许为空备注应用程序IDApplicationIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许FK用户IDUserIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许PK用户名UserNameNvarchar(256)不允许是否匿名IsAnonymousbit不允许最后激活时间LastActivityDatedatetime不允许aspnet_UsersInRoles表：用户和角色的关系表名称字段类型是否允许为空备注用户IDUserIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许PK角色IDRoleIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许PKaspnet_WebEvent_Events表：事件表名称字段类型是否允许为空备注IDIdint不允许PK批发商IDWholesalerIdInt不允许FK日期Datedatetime不允许产品代号ProductIdInt不允许FK数量NumberInt不允许方案IDPlanIdInt不允许FK备注RemarkVarchar允许TeachHelper_Achievement表：储存学生成绩信息名称字段类型是否允许为空备注成绩IDIdint不允许PK用户IDUserIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许FK分数Pointint不允许考试IDExamIdInt不允许FK描述DscriptionVarchar允许TeachHelper_Department表：院系表名称字段类型是否允许为空备注IDIdint不允许PK名称NameChar(40)不允许描述DescriptionText允许TeachHelper_Major表：专业表 名称字段类型是否允许为空备注IDIdint不允许PK名称NameChar(40)不允许部门IDDepartmentIdint不允许FK描述DescriptionText允许TeachHelper_Subject表：课程表名称字段类型是否允许为空备注IDIdint不允许PK名称NameChar(40)不允许描述DescriptionText允许TeachHelper_Exam表：考试表名称字段类型是否允许为空备注IDIdint不允许PK名称NameChar(40)不允许教师TeacherChar(40)不允许部门IDDepartmentIdint不允许FK年级GradeInt不允许专业IDMajorIdint不允许FK班级ClassInt不允许课程IDSubjectIdint不允许FK类型IDExamTypeIdint不允许FK考试时间TimeDatetime不允许描述DescriptionText允许TeachHelper_ExamType表：考试表名称字段类型是否允许为空备注IDIdint不允许PK名称NameChar(40)不允许描述DescriptionText允许TeachHelper_UserInfo表：考试表名称字段类型是否允许为空备注用户IDUserIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许PK名字NameChar(40)不允许性别Genderbit不允许电话号码TelephoneChar(40)允许手机号码MobileTelChar(40)允许邮编PostalcodeChar(6)不允许院系IDDepartmentsIdInt允许年级GradeInt允许专业IDMajorIdint允许班级ClassInt允许座位SeatInt允许 备注Remarktext允许第5章系统的实现及关键技术5.1开发环境及工具开发环境：Windows2003，sql2000开发工具：VS2005和EnterpriseLibraryConfiguration5.2关键技术使企业库(EnterpriseLibrary)和最近发布的vs2005来组合开发。EnterpriseLibrary主要由7个模块组成，其中充分利用了DataAccessAplicationBlock数据库访问层，简化ADO.net的操作，使得代码更简洁更容易重用和可扩展；系统主要采用了MVC设计模式进行分层开发，首先是成绩管理的实体Exam。具体代码是：publicclassExam{publicExam(){}publicstaticDataSetGetCollect(){Databasedb=DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();stringsqlCommand="usp_SelectTeachHelper_Exam";DbCommanddbCommand=db.GetStoredProcCommand(sqlCommand);returndb.ExecuteDataSet(dbCommand);}publicstaticDataSetGetCollectByTeacher(stringteacher){Databasedb=DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();stringsqlCommand="usp_SelectTeachHelper_ExamByTeacher";DbCommanddbCommand=db.GetStoredProcCommand(sqlCommand);db.AddInParameter(dbCommand,"Teacher",DbType.String,teacher);returndb.ExecuteDataSet(dbCommand);}publicstaticboolCreate(stringname,stringteacher,intdepartmentId,intgrade,intmajorId,intclasses,intsubjectId,intexamTypeId,DateTimetime,stringdescription) {Databasedb=DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();stringsqlCommand="usp_InsertTeachHelper_Exam";DbCommanddbCommand=db.GetStoredProcCommand(sqlCommand);db.AddInParameter(dbCommand,"Name",DbType.String,name);db.AddInParameter(dbCommand,"Teacher",DbType.String,teacher);db.AddInParameter(dbCommand,"DepartmentId",DbType.Int32,departmentId);db.AddInParameter(dbCommand,"Grade",DbType.Int32,grade);db.AddInParameter(dbCommand,"MajorId",DbType.Int32,majorId);db.AddInParameter(dbCommand,"Class",DbType.Int32,classes);db.AddInParameter(dbCommand,"SubjectId",DbType.Int32,subjectId);db.AddInParameter(dbCommand,"ExamTypeId",DbType.Int32,examTypeId);db.AddInParameter(dbCommand,"Time",DbType.DateTime,time);db.AddInParameter(dbCommand,"Description",DbType.String,description);intresult=db.ExecuteNonQuery(dbCommand);if(result==1)returntrue;elsereturnfalse;}}第6章系统运行效果系统首页运行效果: 目录视图: 设计视力可随意移动：编辑视图: 成绩管理 角色管理: 数据管理:创建学生帐号: 第7章设计心得通过前期对系统需求的理解、总体设计、详细设计、实现到集成测试和确认测试，强调软件的规范化、标准化、工程化，强调小组的沟通协调和团队精神，系统采用最新ASP.NET2.0技术高效、稳定地实现。致谢在开发整个系统中，由于使用的都是最新的开发工具和技术实现，相关的文档和教材资源相当有限，中文文献就更是少之又少了，不过就在这种条件很不成熟的环境下还是涌现出一些优秀开源的项目供我们研究学习，对此我向这些赫赫有名或者隐姓埋名的英雄们表示敬意。在对新技术的学习过程更多的是在考验我们的摸索能力，很高兴我们的组员都能够在一次又一次的失败中坚持下来，最终取得不错的收获，也感觉他们对我的信任。特别要感谢的是我组的指导老师：古凌岚老师，在我们对系统流程不了解的时候，她给了我们清晰的分析，以及在开发过程给了我们很大的鼓励！感谢所有人对我们的支持！参考文献<><>NIIT公司毕业设计评语及成绩评定表毕业设计评语及成绩评定表姓名陈金华班级软件031学号24毕业论文题目学生成绩管理系统指导教师审阅评语:平时成绩审阅成绩指导教师:评阅教师评语:评阅成绩 评阅教师:小组答辩评语:答辩成绩答辩小组:毕业论文综合成绩教研室主任签字系主任签字 计算机工程系软件开发专业毕业设计说明书论文题目学生成绩管理系统 毕业设计任务书1、目标设计一个高校成绩个管理平台，主要功能有：1）学生帐号的生成:可以批量生成某个系到某个班的学生的批量登陆号码和考试号码2）发布成绩:老师可以发布将要考试的成绩,方便同学们查询.3）系统管理:可以自己定制自己喜欢的风格和样式,并在下次登陆的时候保留相关设置!4）成绩管理：可进行网上或手机的分数查询，或将分数自动发到学生的邮箱2、设计要求1）网页设计美观、风格一致、操作方便。2）功能完整，可在要求的基础上进一步扩充，对于该平台要有安全性方面的设计3）运行环境：WINDOWS98/2000/2003/XP4）开发环境及技术：Windows98/2000/XP、ASP.NET+WEB,SQLSERVER（或ACCESS）5）完成成果：（1）设计说明书（2）端源代码及打包文件。（3）使用说明书3、设计步骤及设计进度6）方案设计，时间2周。7）编码与网页设计，时间1周。8）软件测试、设计报告及成果提交，时间1周 4、参考资料《.NET技术》NIIT公司《SQLSERVER》NIIT公司网页设计技术 摘要随着计算机网络的发展，人可以方便的操作电脑做很多事情，并且人和人之间通过计算机网络的交互更加方便和快速了。如果使用计算机网络这些便利，开发一个学生成绩管理系统，可以为老师和学校带来更多的好处，在管理效率方面带来的便利是可以肯定的！在时间和金钱方面的也会节省很多。这个”学生成绩管理系统”是用asp.net,C#语言在vs2005等软件上开发出来的跨平台的成绩管理系统。方便了老师在何时何地，只要有接入计算机互连网的设备，都可以进行对学生的成绩的管理等等操作；同时学生也可以方便的进行成绩的查询以及考试的查询等动作。本文主要阐述学生可以查询成绩以及最高管理员的成绩管理模块、学生可以通过手机上网查成绩模块的设计思想和实现的关键技术。关键词：面向对象、企业库、MVC模式 目录第1章前言-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------04第2章问题的提出----------------------------------------------------------------------------04第3章需求分析------------------------------------------------------------------------------053.1内容-------------------------------------------------------------053.2任务概述---------------------------------------------------------053.3需求规定---------------------------------------------------------05第4章系统设计-------------------------------------------------------------------------------074.1系统结构,结构设计-----------------------------------------------------------------------074.2数据结构设计-----------------------------------------------------------------------------09第5章系统的实现及关键技术------------------------------------------------------------115.1开发环境及工具--------------------------------------------------------------------------115.2关键技术-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------11第6章系统运行效果-------------------------------------------------------------------------15第7章设计心得-------------------------------------------------------------------------------18致谢---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19参考文献------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19毕业设计任务------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19毕业设计评语及成绩评定表------------------------------------------------------21 第1章前言随着计算机网络的发展，人可以方便的操作电脑做很多事情，并且人和人之间通过计算机网络的交互更加方便和快速了。如果使用计算机网络这些便利，开发一个毕业设计提交平台系统，都不知学生和老师们带来了多大好处第2章问题的提出为了解决这些问题，老师提出开发一个“毕业设计提交平台系统”，来通过计算机网络实现毕业设计的提交，本系统要达到的目标：1)l学生可以根据系统给出的每个人的密码和用户名查阅自己的考试成绩和最近的考试通知。2).学生同样可以通过手机上网查询自己的成绩等。3).学生能以邮件的方式得知是否有要成绩查阅和相关要考试的科目。4).管理员可以根据相应的权限执行相关的系统参数设置，已经自己定制的访问页面。5)班主任可以查询自己班的所有成绩和管理自己班学生的相关信息。6).系主任可以管理自己系内的学生的相关信息和考试的通知和成绩的发布等。第3章需求分析3.1内容系统名是：教师助手（学生成绩管理系统）提出者：古凌岚模块：自动发邮件和手机通过上网查成绩开发者：杨炎武3.2任务概述为了让学生可以通过计算机网络来查看自己的成绩和最近发布的考试信息和通知，3.3需求规定成绩查询模块：学生登录后，将显示老师发布的相关考试科目和已经评定的成绩，用户可以根据多种方式查询自己的最近成绩和考试信息和全部的成绩信息。如图：登录学生数据库 查询相关信息老师定制和发布成绩单和最近考试科目：老师登录后，选定制自己班级菜单，就可以填写具体的成绩单和发布相关考试的科目，然后提交给系统保存，最后系统会显示到对应的页面给学生查看；学生通过手机登录后，然后名字和密码正确，就查看该学生有没有成绩，如果有的话，就显示出来，没的话，就告诉还没成绩。登录老师填写考试或成绩信息数据库提交保存学生登录显示成绩信息和最近的考试信息 第4章系统设计系统结构,结构设计：用例图获取自己的ID填写资料-登陆查看成绩信息学生手机查看成绩定制和发布考试信息以及填写成绩单老师数据库名：TeachHelper aspnet_Applications表：用来存放应用的信息名称字段类型是否允许为空备注应用程序名称ApplicationNamenvarchar(156)不允许应用程序名称LoweredApplicationNamenvarchar(156)不允许应用程序IDApplicationIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许PK描述Descriptionnvarchar(256)允许aspnet_Membership表：存放用户表，用户隶属的程序、密码、创建时间、密码修改时间，注释。名称字段类型是否允许为空备注应用程序IDApplicationIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许FK用户IDUserIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许PK密码PasswordNvarchar(128）不允许密码格式PasswordFormatint不允许盐值PasswordSaltNvarchar(128）不允许移动PINMobilePINnvarchar(16)允许EmailEmailnvarchar(256)允许密码问题PasswordQuestionnvarchar(256)允许问题答案PasswordAnswerNvarchar(128）允许是否激活IsApprovedbit不允许是否锁定IsLockedOutBit不允许创建日期CreateDatedatetime不允许最后登录时间LastLoginDatedatetime不允许最后更改密码时间LastPasswordChangedDatedatetime不允许最后锁定时间LastLockoutDatedatetime允许错误密码登录次数FailedPasswordAttemptCountint不允许错误密码登录时间FailedPasswordAttemptWindowStartDatetime不允许密码问题答案错误次数FailedPasswordAnswerAttemptCountint不允许密码问题答案错误时间FailedPasswordAnswerAttemptWindowStartDatetime不允许注释CommentNtext(3000)允许aspnet_Paths表：存放应用和目录的对应关系名称字段类型是否允许为空备注应用程序IDApplicationIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许FK 路径IDPathIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许PK路径PathNvarchar(256)不允许aspnet_PersonalizationAllUsers表：所有用户的个性化页面名称字段类型是否允许为空备注路径IDPathIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许PK页面设置PageSettingsimage不允许最后更新时间LastUpdatedDatedatetime不允许aspnet_PersonalizationPerUser表：对特定用户的个性化设置名称字段类型是否允许为空备注IDIdint不允许PK路径IDPathIduniqueidentifier(16)允许用户IDUserIduniqueidentifier(16)允许页面设置PageSettingsimage不允许最后更新时间LastUpdatedDatedatetime不允许aspnet_Profile表：用户配置文件名称字段类型是否允许为空备注用户IDUserIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许PK属性名称PropertyNamesNtext(6000)不允许属性值PropertyValuesStringNtext(6000)不允许属性值PropertyValuesBinaryimage不允许FK最后更新时间LastUpdatedDatedatetime不允许aspnet_Roles表：对特定应用的用户角色信息名称字段类型是否允许为空备注应用程序IDApplicationIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许FK角色IDRoleIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许PK角色名称RoleNameNvarchar(256)不允许描述DescriptionNvarchar(256)允许 aspnet_Users表：用户表。仅用户名和应用的对应。名称字段类型是否允许为空备注应用程序IDApplicationIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许FK用户IDUserIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许PK用户名UserNameNvarchar(256)不允许是否匿名IsAnonymousbit不允许最后激活时间LastActivityDatedatetime不允许aspnet_UsersInRoles表：用户和角色的关系表名称字段类型是否允许为空备注用户IDUserIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许PK角色IDRoleIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许PKaspnet_WebEvent_Events表：事件表名称字段类型是否允许为空备注IDIdint不允许PK批发商IDWholesalerIdInt不允许FK日期Datedatetime不允许产品代号ProductIdInt不允许FK数量NumberInt不允许方案IDPlanIdInt不允许FK备注RemarkVarchar允许TeachHelper_Achievement表：储存学生成绩信息名称字段类型是否允许为空备注成绩IDIdint不允许PK用户IDUserIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许FK分数Pointint不允许考试IDExamIdInt不允许FK描述DscriptionVarchar允许TeachHelper_Department表：院系表名称字段类型是否允许为空备注IDIdint不允许PK名称NameChar(40)不允许描述DescriptionText允许TeachHelper_Major表：专业表 名称字段类型是否允许为空备注IDIdint不允许PK名称NameChar(40)不允许部门IDDepartmentIdint不允许FK描述DescriptionText允许TeachHelper_Subject表：课程表名称字段类型是否允许为空备注IDIdint不允许PK名称NameChar(40)不允许描述DescriptionText允许TeachHelper_Exam表：考试表名称字段类型是否允许为空备注IDIdint不允许PK名称NameChar(40)不允许教师TeacherChar(40)不允许部门IDDepartmentIdint不允许FK年级GradeInt不允许专业IDMajorIdint不允许FK班级ClassInt不允许课程IDSubjectIdint不允许FK类型IDExamTypeIdint不允许FK考试时间TimeDatetime不允许描述DescriptionText允许TeachHelper_ExamType表：考试表名称字段类型是否允许为空备注IDIdint不允许PK名称NameChar(40)不允许描述DescriptionText允许TeachHelper_UserInfo表：考试表名称字段类型是否允许为空备注用户IDUserIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许PK名字NameChar(40)不允许性别Genderbit不允许电话号码TelephoneChar(40)允许手机号码MobileTelChar(40)允许邮编PostalcodeChar(6)不允许院系IDDepartmentsIdInt允许年级GradeInt允许专业IDMajorIdint允许班级ClassInt允许座位SeatInt允许 备注Remarktext允许第5章系统的实现及关键技术5.1开发环境及工具开发环境：Windows2003，sql2000开发工具：VS2005和EnterpriseLibraryConfiguration5.2关键技术使企业库(EnterpriseLibrary)和最近发布的vs2005来组合开发。EnterpriseLibrary主要由7个模块组成，其中充分利用了DataAccessAplicationBlock数据库访问层，简化ADO.net的操作，使得代码更简洁更容易重用和可扩展；系统主要采用了MVC设计模式进行分层开发，首先是成绩管理的实体Exam。具体代码是：publicclassExam{publicExam(){}publicstaticDataSetGetCollect(){Databasedb=DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();stringsqlCommand="usp_SelectTeachHelper_Exam";DbCommanddbCommand=db.GetStoredProcCommand(sqlCommand);returndb.ExecuteDataSet(dbCommand);}publicstaticDataSetGetCollectByTeacher(stringteacher){Databasedb=DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();stringsqlCommand="usp_SelectTeachHelper_ExamByTeacher";DbCommanddbCommand=db.GetStoredProcCommand(sqlCommand);db.AddInParameter(dbCommand,"Teacher",DbType.String,teacher);returndb.ExecuteDataSet(dbCommand);}publicstaticboolCreate(stringname,stringteacher,intdepartmentId,intgrade,intmajorId,intclasses,intsubjectId,intexamTypeId,DateTimetime,stringdescription) {Databasedb=DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();stringsqlCommand="usp_InsertTeachHelper_Exam";DbCommanddbCommand=db.GetStoredProcCommand(sqlCommand);db.AddInParameter(dbCommand,"Name",DbType.String,name);db.AddInParameter(dbCommand,"Teacher",DbType.String,teacher);db.AddInParameter(dbCommand,"DepartmentId",DbType.Int32,departmentId);db.AddInParameter(dbCommand,"Grade",DbType.Int32,grade);db.AddInParameter(dbCommand,"MajorId",DbType.Int32,majorId);db.AddInParameter(dbCommand,"Class",DbType.Int32,classes);db.AddInParameter(dbCommand,"SubjectId",DbType.Int32,subjectId);db.AddInParameter(dbCommand,"ExamTypeId",DbType.Int32,examTypeId);db.AddInParameter(dbCommand,"Time",DbType.DateTime,time);db.AddInParameter(dbCommand,"Description",DbType.String,description);intresult=db.ExecuteNonQuery(dbCommand);if(result==1)returntrue;elsereturnfalse;}}第6章系统运行效果系统首页运行效果: 目录视图: 设计视力可随意移动：编辑视图: 成绩管理 角色管理: 数据管理:创建学生帐号: 第7章设计心得通过前期对系统需求的理解、总体设计、详细设计、实现到集成测试和确认测试，强调软件的规范化、标准化、工程化，强调小组的沟通协调和团队精神，系统采用最新ASP.NET2.0技术高效、稳定地实现。致谢在开发整个系统中，由于使用的都是最新的开发工具和技术实现，相关的文档和教材资源相当有限，中文文献就更是少之又少了，不过就在这种条件很不成熟的环境下还是涌现出一些优秀开源的项目供我们研究学习，对此我向这些赫赫有名或者隐姓埋名的英雄们表示敬意。在对新技术的学习过程更多的是在考验我们的摸索能力，很高兴我们的组员都能够在一次又一次的失败中坚持下来，最终取得不错的收获，也感觉他们对我的信任。特别要感谢的是我组的指导老师：古凌岚老师，在我们对系统流程不了解的时候，她给了我们清晰的分析，以及在开发过程给了我们很大的鼓励！感谢所有人对我们的支持！参考文献<><>NIIT公司毕业设计评语及成绩评定表毕业设计评语及成绩评定表姓名陈金华班级软件031学号24毕业论文题目学生成绩管理系统指导教师审阅评语:平时成绩审阅成绩指导教师:评阅教师评语:评阅成绩 评阅教师:小组答辩评语:答辩成绩答辩小组:毕业论文综合成绩教研室主任签字系主任签字 计算机工程系软件开发专业毕业设计说明书论文题目学生成绩管理系统 毕业设计任务书1、目标设计一个高校成绩个管理平台，主要功能有：1）学生帐号的生成:可以批量生成某个系到某个班的学生的批量登陆号码和考试号码2）发布成绩:老师可以发布将要考试的成绩,方便同学们查询.3）系统管理:可以自己定制自己喜欢的风格和样式,并在下次登陆的时候保留相关设置!4）成绩管理：可进行网上或手机的分数查询，或将分数自动发到学生的邮箱2、设计要求1）网页设计美观、风格一致、操作方便。2）功能完整，可在要求的基础上进一步扩充，对于该平台要有安全性方面的设计3）运行环境：WINDOWS98/2000/2003/XP4）开发环境及技术：Windows98/2000/XP、ASP.NET+WEB,SQLSERVER（或ACCESS）5）完成成果：（1）设计说明书（2）端源代码及打包文件。（3）使用说明书3、设计步骤及设计进度6）方案设计，时间2周。7）编码与网页设计，时间1周。8）软件测试、设计报告及成果提交，时间1周 4、参考资料《.NET技术》NIIT公司《SQLSERVER》NIIT公司网页设计技术 摘要随着计算机网络的发展，人可以方便的操作电脑做很多事情，并且人和人之间通过计算机网络的交互更加方便和快速了。如果使用计算机网络这些便利，开发一个学生成绩管理系统，可以为老师和学校带来更多的好处，在管理效率方面带来的便利是可以肯定的！在时间和金钱方面的也会节省很多。这个”学生成绩管理系统”是用asp.net,C#语言在vs2005等软件上开发出来的跨平台的成绩管理系统。方便了老师在何时何地，只要有接入计算机互连网的设备，都可以进行对学生的成绩的管理等等操作；同时学生也可以方便的进行成绩的查询以及考试的查询等动作。本文主要阐述学生可以查询成绩以及最高管理员的成绩管理模块、学生可以通过手机上网查成绩模块的设计思想和实现的关键技术。关键词：面向对象、企业库、MVC模式 目录第1章前言-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------04第2章问题的提出----------------------------------------------------------------------------04第3章需求分析------------------------------------------------------------------------------053.1内容-------------------------------------------------------------053.2任务概述---------------------------------------------------------053.3需求规定---------------------------------------------------------05第4章系统设计-------------------------------------------------------------------------------074.1系统结构,结构设计-----------------------------------------------------------------------074.2数据结构设计-----------------------------------------------------------------------------09第5章系统的实现及关键技术------------------------------------------------------------115.1开发环境及工具--------------------------------------------------------------------------115.2关键技术-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------11第6章系统运行效果-------------------------------------------------------------------------15第7章设计心得-------------------------------------------------------------------------------18致谢---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19参考文献------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19毕业设计任务------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19毕业设计评语及成绩评定表------------------------------------------------------21 第1章前言随着计算机网络的发展，人可以方便的操作电脑做很多事情，并且人和人之间通过计算机网络的交互更加方便和快速了。如果使用计算机网络这些便利，开发一个毕业设计提交平台系统，都不知学生和老师们带来了多大好处第2章问题的提出为了解决这些问题，老师提出开发一个“毕业设计提交平台系统”，来通过计算机网络实现毕业设计的提交，本系统要达到的目标：1)l学生可以根据系统给出的每个人的密码和用户名查阅自己的考试成绩和最近的考试通知。2).学生同样可以通过手机上网查询自己的成绩等。3).学生能以邮件的方式得知是否有要成绩查阅和相关要考试的科目。4).管理员可以根据相应的权限执行相关的系统参数设置，已经自己定制的访问页面。5)班主任可以查询自己班的所有成绩和管理自己班学生的相关信息。6).系主任可以管理自己系内的学生的相关信息和考试的通知和成绩的发布等。第3章需求分析3.1内容系统名是：教师助手（学生成绩管理系统）提出者：古凌岚模块：自动发邮件和手机通过上网查成绩开发者：杨炎武3.2任务概述为了让学生可以通过计算机网络来查看自己的成绩和最近发布的考试信息和通知，3.3需求规定成绩查询模块：学生登录后，将显示老师发布的相关考试科目和已经评定的成绩，用户可以根据多种方式查询自己的最近成绩和考试信息和全部的成绩信息。如图：登录学生数据库 查询相关信息老师定制和发布成绩单和最近考试科目：老师登录后，选定制自己班级菜单，就可以填写具体的成绩单和发布相关考试的科目，然后提交给系统保存，最后系统会显示到对应的页面给学生查看；学生通过手机登录后，然后名字和密码正确，就查看该学生有没有成绩，如果有的话，就显示出来，没的话，就告诉还没成绩。登录老师填写考试或成绩信息数据库提交保存学生登录显示成绩信息和最近的考试信息 第4章系统设计系统结构,结构设计：用例图获取自己的ID填写资料-登陆查看成绩信息学生手机查看成绩定制和发布考试信息以及填写成绩单老师数据库名：TeachHelper aspnet_Applications表：用来存放应用的信息名称字段类型是否允许为空备注应用程序名称ApplicationNamenvarchar(156)不允许应用程序名称LoweredApplicationNamenvarchar(156)不允许应用程序IDApplicationIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许PK描述Descriptionnvarchar(256)允许aspnet_Membership表：存放用户表，用户隶属的程序、密码、创建时间、密码修改时间，注释。名称字段类型是否允许为空备注应用程序IDApplicationIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许FK用户IDUserIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许PK密码PasswordNvarchar(128）不允许密码格式PasswordFormatint不允许盐值PasswordSaltNvarchar(128）不允许移动PINMobilePINnvarchar(16)允许EmailEmailnvarchar(256)允许密码问题PasswordQuestionnvarchar(256)允许问题答案PasswordAnswerNvarchar(128）允许是否激活IsApprovedbit不允许是否锁定IsLockedOutBit不允许创建日期CreateDatedatetime不允许最后登录时间LastLoginDatedatetime不允许最后更改密码时间LastPasswordChangedDatedatetime不允许最后锁定时间LastLockoutDatedatetime允许错误密码登录次数FailedPasswordAttemptCountint不允许错误密码登录时间FailedPasswordAttemptWindowStartDatetime不允许密码问题答案错误次数FailedPasswordAnswerAttemptCountint不允许密码问题答案错误时间FailedPasswordAnswerAttemptWindowStartDatetime不允许注释CommentNtext(3000)允许aspnet_Paths表：存放应用和目录的对应关系名称字段类型是否允许为空备注应用程序IDApplicationIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许FK 路径IDPathIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许PK路径PathNvarchar(256)不允许aspnet_PersonalizationAllUsers表：所有用户的个性化页面名称字段类型是否允许为空备注路径IDPathIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许PK页面设置PageSettingsimage不允许最后更新时间LastUpdatedDatedatetime不允许aspnet_PersonalizationPerUser表：对特定用户的个性化设置名称字段类型是否允许为空备注IDIdint不允许PK路径IDPathIduniqueidentifier(16)允许用户IDUserIduniqueidentifier(16)允许页面设置PageSettingsimage不允许最后更新时间LastUpdatedDatedatetime不允许aspnet_Profile表：用户配置文件名称字段类型是否允许为空备注用户IDUserIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许PK属性名称PropertyNamesNtext(6000)不允许属性值PropertyValuesStringNtext(6000)不允许属性值PropertyValuesBinaryimage不允许FK最后更新时间LastUpdatedDatedatetime不允许aspnet_Roles表：对特定应用的用户角色信息名称字段类型是否允许为空备注应用程序IDApplicationIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许FK角色IDRoleIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许PK角色名称RoleNameNvarchar(256)不允许描述DescriptionNvarchar(256)允许 aspnet_Users表：用户表。仅用户名和应用的对应。名称字段类型是否允许为空备注应用程序IDApplicationIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许FK用户IDUserIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许PK用户名UserNameNvarchar(256)不允许是否匿名IsAnonymousbit不允许最后激活时间LastActivityDatedatetime不允许aspnet_UsersInRoles表：用户和角色的关系表名称字段类型是否允许为空备注用户IDUserIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许PK角色IDRoleIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许PKaspnet_WebEvent_Events表：事件表名称字段类型是否允许为空备注IDIdint不允许PK批发商IDWholesalerIdInt不允许FK日期Datedatetime不允许产品代号ProductIdInt不允许FK数量NumberInt不允许方案IDPlanIdInt不允许FK备注RemarkVarchar允许TeachHelper_Achievement表：储存学生成绩信息名称字段类型是否允许为空备注成绩IDIdint不允许PK用户IDUserIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许FK分数Pointint不允许考试IDExamIdInt不允许FK描述DscriptionVarchar允许TeachHelper_Department表：院系表名称字段类型是否允许为空备注IDIdint不允许PK名称NameChar(40)不允许描述DescriptionText允许TeachHelper_Major表：专业表 名称字段类型是否允许为空备注IDIdint不允许PK名称NameChar(40)不允许部门IDDepartmentIdint不允许FK描述DescriptionText允许TeachHelper_Subject表：课程表名称字段类型是否允许为空备注IDIdint不允许PK名称NameChar(40)不允许描述DescriptionText允许TeachHelper_Exam表：考试表名称字段类型是否允许为空备注IDIdint不允许PK名称NameChar(40)不允许教师TeacherChar(40)不允许部门IDDepartmentIdint不允许FK年级GradeInt不允许专业IDMajorIdint不允许FK班级ClassInt不允许课程IDSubjectIdint不允许FK类型IDExamTypeIdint不允许FK考试时间TimeDatetime不允许描述DescriptionText允许TeachHelper_ExamType表：考试表名称字段类型是否允许为空备注IDIdint不允许PK名称NameChar(40)不允许描述DescriptionText允许TeachHelper_UserInfo表：考试表名称字段类型是否允许为空备注用户IDUserIduniqueidentifier(16)不允许PK名字NameChar(40)不允许性别Genderbit不允许电话号码TelephoneChar(40)允许手机号码MobileTelChar(40)允许邮编PostalcodeChar(6)不允许院系IDDepartmentsIdInt允许年级GradeInt允许专业IDMajorIdint允许班级ClassInt允许座位SeatInt允许 备注Remarktext允许第5章系统的实现及关键技术5.1开发环境及工具开发环境：Windows2003，sql2000开发工具：VS2005和EnterpriseLibraryConfiguration5.2关键技术使企业库(EnterpriseLibrary)和最近发布的vs2005来组合开发。EnterpriseLibrary主要由7个模块组成，其中充分利用了DataAccessAplicationBlock数据库访问层，简化ADO.net的操作，使得代码更简洁更容易重用和可扩展；系统主要采用了MVC设计模式进行分层开发，首先是成绩管理的实体Exam。具体代码是：publicclassExam{publicExam(){}publicstaticDataSetGetCollect(){Databasedb=DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();stringsqlCommand="usp_SelectTeachHelper_Exam";DbCommanddbCommand=db.GetStoredProcCommand(sqlCommand);returndb.ExecuteDataSet(dbCommand);}publicstaticDataSetGetCollectByTeacher(stringteacher){Databasedb=DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();stringsqlCommand="usp_SelectTeachHelper_ExamByTeacher";DbCommanddbCommand=db.GetStoredProcCommand(sqlCommand);db.AddInParameter(dbCommand,"Teacher",DbType.String,teacher);returndb.ExecuteDataSet(dbCommand);}publicstaticboolCreate(stringname,stringteacher,intdepartmentId,intgrade,intmajorId,intclasses,intsubjectId,intexamTypeId,DateTimetime,stringdescription) {Databasedb=DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();stringsqlCommand="usp_InsertTeachHelper_Exam";DbCommanddbCommand=db.GetStoredProcCommand(sqlCommand);db.AddInParameter(dbCommand,"Name",DbType.String,name);db.AddInParameter(dbCommand,"Teacher",DbType.String,teacher);db.AddInParameter(dbCommand,"DepartmentId",DbType.Int32,departmentId);db.AddInParameter(dbCommand,"Grade",DbType.Int32,grade);db.AddInParameter(dbCommand,"MajorId",DbType.Int32,majorId);db.AddInParameter(dbCommand,"Class",DbType.Int32,classes);db.AddInParameter(dbCommand,"SubjectId",DbType.Int32,subjectId);db.AddInParameter(dbCommand,"ExamTypeId",DbType.Int32,examTypeId);db.AddInParameter(dbCommand,"Time",DbType.DateTime,time);db.AddInParameter(dbCommand,"Description",DbType.String,description);intresult=db.ExecuteNonQuery(dbCommand);if(result==1)returntrue;elsereturnfalse;}}第6章系统运行效果系统首页运行效果: 目录视图: 设计视力可随意移动：编辑视图: 成绩管理 角色管理: 数据管理:创建学生帐号: 第7章设计心得通过前期对系统需求的理解、总体设计、详细设计、实现到集成测试和确认测试，强调软件的规范化、标准化、工程化，强调小组的沟通协调和团队精神，系统采用最新ASP.NET2.0技术高效、稳定地实现。致谢在开发整个系统中，由于使用的都是最新的开发工具和技术实现，相关的文档和教材资源相当有限，中文文献就更是少之又少了，不过就在这种条件很不成熟的环境下还是涌现出一些优秀开源的项目供我们研究学习，对此我向这些赫赫有名或者隐姓埋名的英雄们表示敬意。在对新技术的学习过程更多的是在考验我们的摸索能力，很高兴我们的组员都能够在一次又一次的失败中坚持下来，最终取得不错的收获，也感觉他们对我的信任。特别要感谢的是我组的指导老师：古凌岚老师，在我们对系统流程不了解的时候，她给了我们清晰的分析，以及在开发过程给了我们很大的鼓励！感谢所有人对我们的支持！参考文献<><>NIIT公司毕业设计评语及成绩评定表毕业设计评语及成绩评定表姓名陈金华班级软件031学号24毕业论文题目学生成绩管理系统指导教师审阅评语:平时成绩审阅成绩指导教师:评阅教师评语:评阅成绩 评阅教师:小组答辩评语:答辩成绩答辩小组:毕业论文综合成绩教研室主任签字系主任签字 54OfVaingloryItwasprettilydevisedofAesop;theflysatupontheaxle-treeofthechariotwheel,andsaid.WhatadustdoIraise?Soaretheresomevainpersons,thatwhatsoevergoethsindeed!Theycouldtellussomethingworthhearing,iftheyonlyknewhowtotalk.It'sreallyapleasurenowandthentobecomeamerenothing,especiallywhenamanisashighlyplacedasIam.Andthentothinkthatweall,evenwithpatentlacquer,arenothingmorethaninsectsofamomentonthatant-hilltheearth,thoughwemaybeinsectswithstarsandgarters,placesandoffices!Onefeelsquiteanovicebesidethesevenerablemillion-year-oldboulders.OnlastNewYear'seveIwasreadingthebook,andhadlostmyselfinitsocompletely,thatIforgotmyusualNewYear'sdiversion,namely,thewildhunttoAmack.Ah,youdon'tknowwhatthatis!"Thejourneyofthewitchesonbroomsticksiswellenoughknown-thatjourneyistakenonSt.John'seve,totheBrocken;butwehaveawildjourney,alsowhichisnationalandmodern,andthatisthejourneytoAmackonthenightoftheNewYear.Allindifferentpoetsandpoetesses,musicians,newspaperwriters,andartisticnotabilities,-Imeanthosewhoarenogood,-rideintheNewYear'snightthroughtheairtoAmack.Theysitbackwardsontheirpaintingballlapseoftime,andhadbecomeacipherandanothing.Thenthreealone,ormovethupongreatermeans,iftheyhaveneversolittlehandinit,theythinkitistheythatcarryitTheythatareglorious,mustneedsbefactious;forallbraverystandsuponcomparisons.Theymustneedsbeviolent,tomakegoodtheirownvaunts.Neithercantheybesecret,andthereforenoteffectual;butaccordingtodieFrenchproverb;beaucoupdebruit,peudefruit:muchbruit,littlefruitYetcertainlythereisuseofthisquality,incivilaffairs.Wherethereisanopinion,andfametobecreated,eitherofvirtue,orgreatness,thesemenaregoodtrumpeters.Again,asTitusLiviusnoteth,inthecaseofAntiochus,andtheAetolians;therearesometimesgreateffectsofcrosslies;asifamanthatnegotiatesbetweentwoprinces,todrawthemtojoininawaragainstthethird,dothextoltheforcesofeitherofthemabovemeasure,theonetotheother:andsometimes,hethatdealsbetweenmanandman,raisethhisowncreditwithbothbypretendinggreaterinterestthanhehathineither.Andinthese,andthelikekinds,itoftenfallsoutthatsomewhatisproducedofnothing:forliesaresufficienttobreedopinion,andopinionbringsonsubstance.Inmilitarycommandersandsoldiers,vaingloryisanessentialpoint;forasironsharpensiron,sobygloryonecouragesharpenethanother.Incasesofgreatenterprise,uponchargeandadventure,acompositionofgloriousnaturesdothputlifeintobusiness;andthosematareofsolidandsobernatureshavemoreoftheballast,thanofthesail.Infameoflearning,theflightwillbeslow,withoutsomefeathersofostentation.Quidecontenmendaglorialibrosscribunt,nomensuuminscribunt.Socrates,Aristotle,Galen,weremenfirilofostentation.Certainlyvaingloryhelpethtoperpetuateaman'smemory;andvirtuewasneversobeholdingtohumannature,asitreceivedhisdueatthesecondhand.NeitherhadthefameofCicero,Seneca,PliniusSecundus,borneheragesowell,ifithadnotbeenjoinedwithsomevanityinthemselves:likeuntovarnish,thatmakessealingsnotonlyshine,butlastButallthiswhile,whenIspeakofvainglory,Imeannotofthatproperty,thatTacitusdothattributetoMucianus;omnium,quaecHxeratjeceratque,artequadamostentator:forthatproceedsnotofvanity,butofnaturalmagnanimity,anddiscretion:andinsomepersonsisnotonlycomely,butgracious.Forexcusations,cessions,modestyitselfwellgoverned,arebutartsofostentation.Andamongstthoseartsthereisnonebetter,thanthatwhichPliniusSecundusspeakethof;whichistobeliberalofpraiseandcommendationtoothers,inthatwhereinaman'sselfhathanyperfection.ForsaithPlinyverywittily;Incommendinganother,youdoyourselfright;forhethatyoucommend,iseithersuperiortoyou,inthatyoucommend,orinferior.Ifhebeinferior,ifhebetobecommended,youmuchmore;ifhebesuperior,ifhebenottobecommended,youmuchless.Gloriousmenarethescornofwisemen;theadmirationoffools;theidolsofparasites;andtheslavesoftheirownvaunts. LastIndexNextAndnowhavingspokenofassaults,letussumupallactsofviolenceunderasinglelaw,whichshallbeasfollows:-Nooneshalltakeorcarryawayanyofhisneighbour'sgoods,neithershallheuseanythingwhichishisneighbour'swithouttheconsentoftheowner;forthesearetheoffenceswhichareandhavebeen,andwilleverbe,thesourceofalltheaforesaidevils.Thegreatestofthemareexcessesandinsolencesofyouth,andareoffencesagainstthegreatestwhentheyaredoneagainstreligion;andespeciallygreatwheninviolationofpublicandholyrites,orofthepartly-commonritesinwhichtribesandphratriesshare;andintheseconddegreegreatwhentheyarecommittedagainstprivateritesandsepulchres,andinthethirddegree(nottorepeattheactsformerlymentioned),wheninsultsareofferedtoparents;thefourthkindofviolenceiswhenanyone,regardlessoftheauthorityoftherulers,takesorcarriesawayormakesuseofanythingwhichbelongstothem,nothavingtheirconsent;andthefifthkindiswhentheviolationofthecivilrightsofanindividualdemandsreparation.Thereshouldbeacommonlawembracingallthesecases.Forwehavealreadysaidingeneraltermswhatshallbethepunishmentofsacrilege,whetherfraudulentorviolent,andnowwehavetodeterminewhatistobethepunishmentofthosewhospeakoractinsolentlytowardtheGods.Butfirstwemustgivethemanadmonitionwhichmaybeinthefollowingterms:-NoonewhoinobediencetothelawsbelievedthattherewereGods,everintentionallydidanyunholyact,orutteredanyunlawfulword;buthewhodidmusthavesupposedoneofthreethings-eitherthattheydidnotexist,-whichisthefirstpossibility,orsecondly,that,iftheydid,theytooknocareofman,orthirdly,thattheywereeasilyappeasedandturnedasidefromtheirpurpose,bysacrificesandprayers.Cleinias.Whatshallwesayordotothesepersons?AthenianStranger.Mygoodfriend,letusfirsthearthejestswhichIsuspectthattheyintheirsuperioritywillutteragainstus.Cle.Whatjests?Ath.Theywillmakesomeirreverentspeechofthissort:-"OinhabitantsofAthens,andSparta,andCnosus,"theywillreply,"inthatyouspeaktruly;forsomeofusdenytheveryexistenceoftheGods,whileothers,asyousay,areofopinionthattheydonotcareaboutus;andothersthattheyareturnedfromtheircoursebygifts.Nowwehavearighttoclaim,asyouyourselfallowed,inthematteroflaws,thatbeforeyouareharduponusandthreatenus,youshouldarguewithusandconvinceus-youshouldfirstattempttoteachandpersuadeusthatthereareGodsbyreasonableevidences,andalsothattheyaretoogoodtobeunrighteous,ortobepropitiated,orturnedfromtheircoursebygifts.Forwhenwehearsuchthingssaidofthembythosewhoareesteemedtobethebestofpoets,andorators,andprophets,andpriests,andbyinnumerableothers,thethoughtsofmostofusarenotsetuponabstainingfromunrighteousacts,butupondoingthemandatoningforthem.Whenlawgiversprofessthattheyaregentleandnotstern,wethinkthattheyshouldfirstofallusepersuasiontous,andshowustheexistenceofGods,ifnotinabettermannerthanothermen,atanyrateinatruer;andwhoknowsbutthatweshallhearkentoyou?Ifthenourrequestisafairone,pleasetoacceptourchallenge."Cle.ButisthereanydifficultyinprovingtheexistenceoftheGods?Ath.Howwouldyouproveit?Cle.How?Inthefirstplace,theearthandthesun,andthestarsandtheuniverse,andthefairorderoftheseasons,andthedivisionofthemintoyearsandmonths,furnishproofsoftheirexistence;andalsothereisthefactthatallHellenesandbarbariansbelieveinthem.Ath.Ifear,mysweetfriend,thoughIwillnotsaythatImuchregard,thecontemptwithwhichtheprofanewillbelikelytoassailus.Foryoudonotunderstandthenatureoftheircomplaint,andyoufancythattheyrushintoimpietyonlyfromaloveofsensualpleasure.Cle.Why,Stranger,whatotherreasonisthere?Ath.Onewhichyouwholiveinadifferentatmospherewouldneverguess.Cle.Whatisit?Ath.Averygrievoussortofignorancewhichisimaginedtobethegreatestwisdom.Cle.Whatdoyoumean?Ath.AtAthenstherearetalespreservedinwritingwhichthevirtueofyourstate,asIaminformed,refusestoadmit.TheyspeakoftheGodsinproseaswellasverse,andtheoldestofthemtelloftheoriginoftheheavensandoftheworld,andnotfarfromthebeginningoftheirstorytheyproceedtonarratethebirthoftheGods,andhowaftertheywereborntheybehavedtooneanother.Whetherthesestorieshaveinotherwaysagoodorabadinfluence,Ishouldnotliketobesevereuponthem,becausetheyareancient;but,lookingatthemwithreferencetothedutiesofchildrentotheirparents,Icannotpraisethem,orthinkthattheyareuseful,oratalltrue.OfthewordsoftheancientsIhavenothingmoretosay;andIshouldwishtosayofthemonlywhatispleasingtotheGods.Butastoouryoungergenerationandtheirwisdom,Icannotletthemoffwhentheydomischief.Fordobutmarktheeffectoftheirwords:whenyouandIarguefortheexistenceoftheGods,andproducethesun,moon,stars,andearth,claimingforthemadivinebeing,ifwewouldlistentotheaforesaidphilosophersweshouldsaythattheyareearthandstonesonly,whichcanhavenocareatallofhumanaffairs,andthatallreligionisacookingupofwordsandamake-believe.Cle.Onesuchteacher,OStranger,wouldbebadenough,andyouimplythattherearemanyofthem,whichisworse.Ath.Well,then;whatshallwesayordo?-Shallweassumethatsomeoneisaccusingusamongunholymen,whoaretryingtoescapefromtheeffectofourlegislation;andthattheysayofus-HowdreadfulthatyoushouldlegislateonthesuppositionthatthereareGods!Shallwemakeadefenceofourselves?orshallweleavethemandreturntoourlaws,lestthepreludeshouldbecomelongerthanthelaw?Forthediscoursewillcertainlyextendtogreatlength,ifwearetotreattheimpiouslydisposedastheydesire,partlydemonstratingtothematsomelengththethingsofwhichtheydemandanexplanation,partlymakingthemafraidordissatisfied,andthenproceedtotherequisiteenactments. Cle.Yes,Stranger;butthenhowoftenhavewerepeatedalreadythatonthepresentoccasionthereisnoreasonwhybrevityshouldbepreferredtolength;whois"atourheels"?-asthesayinggoes,anditwouldbepaltryandridiculoustoprefertheshortertothebetter.Itisamatterofnosmallconsequence,insomewayorothertoprovethatthereareGods,andthattheyaregood,andregardjusticemorethanmendo.Thedemonstrationofthiswouldbethebestandnoblestpreludeofallourlaws.Andtherefore,withoutimpatience,andwithouthurry,letusunreservedlyconsiderthewholematter,summoningupallthepowerofpersuasionwhichwepossess.Ath.Seeingyouthusinearnest,IwouldfainofferupaprayerthatImaysucceed:-butImustproceedatonce.WhocanbecalmwhenheiscalledupontoprovetheexistenceoftheGods?Whocanavoidhatingandabhorringthemenwhoareandhavebeenthecauseofthisargument;Ispeakofthosewhowillnotbelievethetaleswhichtheyhaveheardasbabesandsucklingsfromtheirmothersandnurses,repeatedbythembothinjestandearnest,likecharms,whohavealsoheardtheminthesacrificialprayers,andseensightsaccompanyingthem-sightsandsoundsdelightfultochildren-andtheirparentsduringthesacrificesshowinganintenseearnestnessonbehalfoftheirchildrenandofthemselves,andwitheagerinteresttalkingtotheGods,andbeseechingthem,asthoughtheywerefirmlyconvincedoftheirexistence;wholikewiseseeandheartheprostrationsandinvocationswhicharemadebyHellenesandbarbariansattherisingandsettingofthesunandmoon,inallthevicissitudesoflife,notasiftheythoughtthattherewerenoGods,butasiftherecouldbenodoubtoftheirexistence,andnosuspicionoftheirnon-existence;whenmen,knowingallthesethings,despisethemonnorealgrounds,aswouldbeadmittedbyallwhohaveanyparticleofintelligence,andwhentheyforceustosaywhatwearenowsaying,howcananyoneingentletermsremonstratewiththelikeofthem,whenhehastobeginbyprovingtothemtheveryexistenceoftheGods?Yettheattemptmustbemade;foritwouldbeunseemlythatonehalfofmankindshouldgomadintheirlustofpleasure,andtheotherhalfintheirindignationatsuchpersons.Ouraddresstotheselostandpervertednaturesshouldnotbespokeninpassion;letussupposeourselvestoselectsomeoneofthem,andgentlyreasonwithhim,smotheringouranger:-Omyson,wewillsaytohim,youareyoung,andtheadvanceoftimewillmakeyoureversemayoftheopinionswhichyounowhold.Waitawhile,anddonotattempttojudgeatpresentofthehighestthings;andthatisthehighestofwhichyounowthinknothing-toknowtheGodsrightlyandtoliveaccordingly.Andinthefirstplaceletmeindicatetoyouonepointwhichisofgreatimportance,andaboutwhichIcannotbedeceived:-YouandyourfriendsarenotthefirstwhohaveheldthisopinionabouttheGods.Therehavealwaysbeenpersonsmoreorlessnumerouswhohavehadthesamedisorder.Ihaveknownmanyofthem,andcantellyou,thatnoonewhohadtakenupinyouththisopinion,thattheGodsdonotexist,evercontinuedinthesameuntilhewasold;thetwoothernotionscertainlydocontinueinsomecases,butnotinmany;thenotion,Imean,thattheGodsexist,buttakenoheedofhumanthings,andtheothernotionthattheydotakeheedofthem,butareeasilypropitiatedwithsacrificesandprayers.AstotheopinionabouttheGodswhichmaysomedaybecomecleartoyou,Iadviseyougowaitandconsiderifitbetrueornot;askofothers,andaboveallofthelegislator.InthemeantimetakecarethatyoudonotoffendagainsttheGods.Forthedutyofthelegislatorisandalwayswillbetoteachyouthetruthofthesematters.Cle.Ouraddress,Stranger,thusfar,isexcellent.Ath.Quitetrue,MegillusandCleinias,butIamafraidthatwehaveunconsciouslylightedonastrangedoctrine.Cle.Whatdoctrinedoyoumean?Ath.Thewisestofalldoctrines,intheopinionofmany.Cle.Iwishthatyouwouldspeakplainer.Ath.Thedoctrinethatallthingsdobecome,havebecome,andwillbecome,somebynature,somebyart,andsomebychance.Cle.Isnotthattrue?Ath.Well,philosophersareprobablyright;atanyratewemayaswellfollowintheirtrack,andexaminewhatisthemeaningofthemandtheirdisciples.Cle.Byallmeans.Ath.Theysaythatthegreatestandfairestthingsaretheworkofnatureandofchance,thelesserofart,which,receivingfromnaturethegreaterandprimevalcreations,mouldsandfashionsallthoselesserworkswhicharegenerallytermedartificial.Cle.Howisthat?Ath.Iwillexplainmymeaningstillmoreclearly.Theysaythatfireandwater,andearthandair,allexistbynatureandchance,andnoneofthembyart,andthatastothebodieswhichcomenextinorder-earth,andsun,andmoon,andstars-theyhavebeencreatedbymeansoftheseabsolutelyinanimateexistences.Theelementsareseverallymovedbychanceandsomeinherentforceaccordingtocertainaffinitiesamongthem-ofhotwithcold,orofdrywithmoist,orofsoftwithhard,andaccordingtoalltheotheraccidentaladmixturesofoppositeswhichhavebeenformedbynecessity.Afterthisfashionandinthismannerthewholeheavenhasbeencreated,andallthatisintheheaven,aswellasanimalsandallplants,andalltheseasonscomefromtheseelements,notbytheactionofmind,astheysay,orofanyGod,orfromart,butasIwassaying,bynatureandchanceonly.Artsprangupafterwardsandoutofthese,mortalandofmortalbirth,andproducedinplaycertainimagesandverypartialimitationsofthetruth,havinganaffinitytooneanother,suchasmusicandpaintingcreateandtheircompanionarts.Andthereareotherartswhichhaveaseriouspurpose,andtheseco-operatewithnature,such,forexample,asmedicine,andhusbandry,andgymnastic.Andtheysaythatpoliticscooperatewithnature,butinalessdegree,andhavemoreofart;alsothatlegislationisentirelyaworkofart,andisbasedonassumptionswhicharenottrue.Cle.Howdoyoumean?Ath.Inthefirstplace,mydearfriend,thesepeoplewouldsaythattheGodsexistnotbynature,butbyart,andbythelawsofstates,whicharedifferentindifferentplaces,accordingtotheagreementofthosewhomakethem;andthatthehonourableisonethingbynatureandanotherthingbylaw,andthattheprinciplesofjusticehavenoexistenceatallinnature,butthatmankindarealwaysdisputingaboutthemandalteringthem;andthatthealterationswhicharemadebyartandbylawhavenobasisinnature,butareofauthorityforthemomentandatthetimeatwhichtheyaremade.-These,myfriends,arethesayingsofwisemen,poetsandprosewriters,whichfindawayintothemindsofyouth.Theyaretoldbythemthatthehighestrightismight,andinthiswaytheyoungfallintoimpieties,undertheideathatthe Godsarenotsuchasthelawbidsthemimagine;andhencearisefactions,thesephilosophersinvitingthemtoleadatruelifeaccordingtonature,thatis,toliveinrealdominionoverothers,andnotinlegalsubjectiontothem.HEBennetswereengagedtodinewiththeLucases,andagainduringthechiefoftheday,wasMissLucassokindastolistentoMr.Collins.Elizabethtookanopportunityofthankingher.``Itkeepshimingoodhumour,''saidshe,``andIammoreobligedtoyouthanIcanexpress.''Charlotteassuredherfriendofhersatisfactioninbeinguseful,andthatitamplyrepaidherforthelittlesacrificeofhertime.Thiswasveryamiable,butCharlotte'skindnessextendedfartherthanElizabethhadanyconceptionof;--itsobjectwasnothinglessthantosecureherfromanyreturnofMr.Collins'saddresses,byengagingthemtowardsherself.SuchwasMissLucas'sscheme;andappearancesweresofavourablethatwhentheypartedatnight,shewouldhavefeltalmostsureofsuccessifhehadnotbeentoleaveHertfordshiresoverysoon.Buthere,shedidinjusticetothefireandindependenceofhischaracter,foritledhimtoescapeoutofLongbournHousethenextmorningwithadmirableslyness,andhastentoLucasLodgetothrowhimselfatherfeet.Hewasanxioustoavoidthenoticeofhiscousins,fromaconvictionthatiftheysawhimdepart,theycouldnotfailtoconjecturehisdesign,andhewasnotwillingtohavetheattemptknowntillitssuccesscouldbeknownlikewise;forthoughfeelingalmostsecure,andwithreason,forCharlottehadbeentolerablyencouraging,hewascomparativelydiffidentsincetheadventureofWednesday.Hisreceptionhoweverwasofthemostflatteringkind.MissLucasperceivedhimfromanupperwindowashewalkedtowardsthehouse,andinstantlysetouttomeethimaccidentallyinthelane.Butlittlehadshedaredtohopethatsomuchloveandeloquenceawaitedherthere.InasshortatimeasMr.Collins'slongspeecheswouldallow,everythingwassettledbetweenthemtothesatisfactionofboth;andastheyenteredthehouse,heearnestlyentreatedhertonamethedaythatwastomakehimthehappiestofmen;andthoughsuchasolicitationmustbewavedforthepresent,theladyfeltnoinclinationtotriflewithhishappiness.Thestupiditywithwhichhewasfavouredbynaturemustguardhiscourtshipfromanycharmthatcouldmakeawomanwishforitscontinuance;andMissLucas,whoacceptedhimsolelyfromthepureanddisinteresteddesireofanestablishment,carednothowsoonthatestablishmentweregained.SirWilliamandLadyLucaswerespeedilyappliedtofortheirconsent;anditwasbestowedwithamostjoyfulalacrity.Mr.Collins'spresentcircumstancesmadeitamosteligiblematchfortheirdaughter,towhomtheycouldgivelittlefortune;andhisprospectsoffuturewealthwereexceedinglyfair.LadyLucasbegandirectlytocalculatewithmoreinterestthanthematterhadeverexcitedbefore,howmanyyearslongerMr.Bennetwaslikelytolive;andSirWilliamgaveitashisdecidedopinionthatwheneverMr.CollinsshouldbeinpossessionoftheLongbournestate,itwouldbehighlyexpedientthatbothheandhiswifeshouldmaketheirappearanceatSt.James's.Thewholefamily,inshort,wereproperlyoverjoyedontheoccasion.Theyoungergirlsformedhopesofcomingoutayearortwosoonerthantheymightotherwisehavedone;andtheboyswererelievedfromtheirapprehensionofCharlotte'sdyinganoldmaid.Charlotteherselfwastolerablycomposed.Shehadgainedherpoint,andhadtimetoconsiderofit.Herreflectionswereingeneralsatisfactory.Mr.Collinstobesurewasneithersensiblenoragreeable;hissocietywasirksome,andhisattachmenttohermustbeimaginary.Butstill,hewouldbeherhusband.--Withoutthinkinghighlyeitherofmenorofmatrimony,marriagehadalwaysbeenherobject;itwastheonlyhonourableprovisionforwell-educatedyoungwomenofsmallfortune,andhoweveruncertainofgivinghappiness,mustbetheirpleasantestpreservativefromwant.Thispreservativeshehadnowobtained;andattheageoftwenty-seven,withouthavingeverbeenhandsome,shefeltallthegoodluckofit.TheleastagreeablecircumstanceinthebusinesswasthesurpriseitmustoccasiontoElizabethBennet,whosefriendshipshevaluedbeyondthatofanyotherperson.Elizabethwouldwonder,andprobablywouldblameher;andthoughherresolutionwasnottobeshaken,herfeelingsmustbehurtbysuchdisapprobation.Sheresolvedtogivehertheinformationherself,andthereforechargedMr.Collins,whenhereturnedtoLongbourntodinner,todropnohintofwhathadpassedbeforeanyofthefamily.Apromiseofsecrecywasofcourseverydutifullygiven,butitcouldnotbekeptwithoutdifficulty;forthecuriosityexcitedbyhislongabsenceburstforthinsuchverydirectquestionsonhisreturn,asrequiredsomeingenuitytoevade,andhewasatthesametimeexercisinggreatself-denial,forhewaslongingtopublishhisprosperouslove.Ashewastobeginhisjourneytooearlyonthemorrowtoseeanyofthefamily,theceremonyofleave-takingwasperformedwhentheladiesmovedforthenight;andMrs.Bennet,withgreatpolitenessandcordiality,saidhowhappytheyshouldbetoseehimatLongbournagain,wheneverhisotherengagementsmightallowhimtovisitthem.``MydearMadam,''hereplied,``thisinvitationisparticularlygratifying,becauseitiswhatIhavebeenhopingtoreceive;andyoumaybeverycertainthatIshallavailmyselfofitassoonaspossible.''Theywereallastonished;andMr.Bennet,whocouldbynomeanswishforsospeedyareturn,immediatelysaid,``ButistherenotdangerofLadyCatherine'sdisapprobationhere,mygoodsir?--Youhadbetterneglectyourrelations,thanruntheriskofoffendingyourpatroness.''``Mydearsir,''repliedMr.Collins,``Iamparticularlyobligedtoyouforthisfriendlycaution,andyoumaydependuponmynottakingsomaterialastepwithoutherladyship'sconcurrence.''``Youcannotbetoomuchonyourguard.Riskanythingratherthanherdispleasure;andifyoufinditlikelytoberaisedbyyourcomingtousagain,whichIshouldthinkexceedinglyprobable,stayquietlyathome,andbesatisfiedthatweshalltakenooffence.''``Believeme,mydearsir,mygratitudeiswarmlyexcitedbysuchaffectionateattention;anddependuponit,youwillspeedilyreceivefrommealetterofthanksforthis,aswellasforeveryothermarkofyourregardduringmystayinHertfordshire.Asformyfaircousins,thoughmyabsencemaynotbelongenoughtorenderitnecessary,Ishallnowtakethelibertyofwishingthemhealthandhappiness,notexceptingmycousinElizabeth.''Withpropercivilitiestheladiesthenwithdrew;allofthemequallysurprisedtofindthathemeditatedaquickreturn.Mrs.Bennetwishedtounderstandbyitthathethoughtofpayinghisaddressestooneofheryoungergirls,andMarymighthavebeenprevailedontoaccepthim.Sheratedhisabilitiesmuchhigherthananyoftheothers;therewasasolidityinhisreflectionswhichoftenstruckher,andthoughbynomeanssocleverasherself,shethoughtthatifencouragedtoreadandimprovehimselfbysuchanexampleasher's,hemightbecomeaveryagreeablecompanion.Butonthefollowingmorning,everyhopeofthiskindwasdoneaway.MissLucascalledsoonafterbreakfast,andinaprivateconferencewithElizabethrelatedtheeventofthedaybefore.ThepossibilityofMr.Collins'sfancyinghimselfinlovewithherfriendhadonceoccurredtoElizabethwithinthelastdayortwo;butthatCharlottecouldencouragehim,seemedalmostasfarfrompossibilityasthatshecouldencouragehimherself,andherastonishmentwasconsequentlysogreatastoovercomeatfirsttheboundsofdecorum,andshecouldnothelpcryingout,``EngagedtoMr.Collins!mydearCharlotte,--impossible!'' ThesteadycountenancewhichMissLucashadcommandedintellingherstory,gavewaytoamomentaryconfusionhereonreceivingsodirectareproach;though,asitwasnomorethansheexpected,shesoonregainedhercomposure,andcalmlyreplied,``Whyshouldyoubesurprised,mydearEliza?--DoyouthinkitincrediblethatMr.Collinsshouldbeabletoprocureanywoman'sgoodopinion,becausehewasnotsohappyastosucceedwithyou?''ButElizabethhadnowrecollectedherself,andmakingastrongeffortforit,wasabletoassureherwithtolerablefirmnessthattheprospectoftheirrelationshipwashighlygratefultoher,andthatshewishedherallimaginablehappiness.