用英语介绍太空.doc

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1、SpaceThisarticleisabouttheideaofspace.ForthespacebeyondEarth'satmosphere(asinastronomyandspaceships),seeouterspace.Forallotheruses,seespace(disambiguation).Theideaofspacehasbeenofinterestforphilosophersandscientistsformuchofhumanhistory.Thetermisusedsomewhatdifferentlyindifferentfieldsofstudy,hen

2、ceitisdifficulttoprovideanuncontroversialandcleardefinitionoutsideofspecificdefinedcontexts.Disagreementalsoexistsonwhetherspaceitselfcanbemeasuredorispartofthemeasuringsystem.(SeeSpaceinphilosophy.)Scienceconsidersspacetobeafundamentalquantity(aquantitywhichcannotbedefinedviaotherquantitiesbecau

3、seotherquantities—likeforceandenergy—arealreadydefinedviaspace).Thusanoperationaldefinitionisusedinwhichtheprocedureofmeasurementofspaceintervals(distances)andtheunitsofmeasurementaredefined.InphilosophySpacehasarangeofdefinitions:*Oneviewofspaceisthatitispartofthefundamentalstructureoftheunivers

4、e,asetofdimensionsinwhichobjectsareseparatedandlocated,havesizeandshape,andthroughwhichtheycanmove.*Acontrastingviewisthatspaceispartofafundamentalabstractmathematicalconceptualframework(togetherwithtimeandnumber)withinwhichwecompareandquantifythedistancebetweenobjects,theirsizes,theirshapes,andt

5、heirspeeds.Inthisview,spacedoesnotrefertoanykindofentitythatisa"container"thatobjects"movethrough".Theseopposingviewsarerelevantalsotodefinitionsoftime.Spaceistypicallydescribedashavingthreedimensions,seeThree-dimensionalspaceandthatthreenumbersareneededtospecifythesizeofanyobjectand/oritslocatio

6、nwithrespecttoanotherlocation.Modernphysicsdoesnottreatspaceandtimeasindependentdimensions,buttreatsbothasfeaturesofspace-time–aconceptionthatchallengesintuitivenotionsofdistanceandtime.Anissueofphilosophicaldebateiswhetherspaceisanontologicalentityitself,orsimplyaconceptualframeworkhumansneedtot

7、hink(andtalk)abouttheworld.Anotherwaytoframethisistoask,"Canspaceitselfbemeasured,orisspacepartofthemeasurementsystem?"Thesamedebateappliesalsototime,andanimportantformulationinbothareaswasgivenbyImmanuelKant.InhisCrit