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1、ABriefHistoryofNewspapersThehistoryofnewspaperscandatebacksomefivecenturiesago.InRenaissanceEuropehandwrittennewsletterswerepassedamongmerchants,bringinginformationabouteverythingfromwarsandeconomicconditionstosocialcustomsandhumaninterest.Thefirstprintedne
2、wspaperappearedinGermanyinthelate1400'sintheformofnewspamphlets.IntheEnglish-speakingworld,theearliestformofnewspapersiscorantos,smallnewspamphletsproducedonlywhensomeimportanteventshappened.ThefirsttruenewspaperinEnglishwastheLondonGazetteof1666.Foragenera
3、tionitwastheonlyofficiallyapprovednewspaper.InAmericathefirstnewspaperappearedinBostonin1690,entitledPublickOccurrences.Publishedwithoutauthority,itwasimmediatelystopped,itspublisherarrested,andallcopiesweredestroyed.ThefirstsuccessfulnewspaperwastheBostonN
4、ews-Letter,begunbypostmasterJohnCampbellin1704.Althoughitwashelpedbythecolonialgovernment,notmanypeopleboughtit.BytheeveoftheRevolutionaryWar,twodozenpaperswerepublishedatallthecolonies,althoughMassachusetts,NewYork,andPennsylvaniawouldremainthecentersofAme
5、ricanprintingformanyyears.In1783,bytheendofthewar,therewereforty-threenewspapersinprint.Thepressplayedavitalroleintheaffairsofthenewnation;manymorenewspaperswerestarted,representingallsidesofpoliticalopinion.TheofficialapprovaloftheBillofRightsin1791atlastg
6、avefreedomofthepress,andAmerica'snewspapersbegantotakeonacentralroleinnationalaffairs.In1830s,advancesinprintingandpapermakingtechnologyledtoanexplosionofnewspapergrowth,theemergenceofthe"PennyPress";itwasnowpossibletoproduceanewspaperthatcouldbesoldforjust
7、acentacopy.Before,onlytherichpeoplecouldbuynewspapers.Thepriceofayear'ssubscription(订金),usuallywasoverafullweek'spayforaworker.Thissuddenavailabilityofcheap,interestingreadingmaterialwasasignificantachievementinthehistoryofnewspaper.Theindustrialrevolution,
8、asittransformedallaspectsofAmericanlifeandsociety,alsoaffectednewspapers.Thenumbersofpaperscontinuedtorise.Inthe1850'spowerful,giantpressesappeared,abletoprinttenthousandcompletepapersperhour.Atthistim
