【江苏专用】2020版高考英语二轮 专题限时集训18　阅读理解　主旨大意题 含解析.doc

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1、专题限时集训(十八)　阅读理解　主旨大意题(对应学生用书第151页)加★的为主旨大意题A【导学号：25874074】(2017·南京、盐城高三二模)LastyearCongressissuedamoralcalltoactionwhenitorderedtheNationalInstitutesofHealthtoreevaluateitsethicaloversight(伦理上的疏忽)ofgovernmentfundedprimate(灵长类)research.Althoughthescientificcommunitywidelyseesnon

2、humanprimatesasessentialforadvancesinbiomedicine(theyhavecausedmajorgainsinthefightsagainstAIDSandneurologicaldiseasessuchasParkinson's，forexample)，researchersagreemorecanbedonetotreattheanimalsmorehumanelyandconductresearchlesswastefully.Tothatend，theNIHgatheredfamousscientis

3、tslastSeptembertodiscussthefutureofprimatebasedresearch—andtheyagreedthatdatasharingisthewayforward.Researcherscouldreduceexperimentsonnonhumanprimatesbystudyingdatathathavealreadybeencollectedtoanswernewquestions，saysDavidO'Connor，apathologistattheUniversityofWisconsinMadison

4、.O'Connoriswalking_the_walk：hislaboratorystudiestheZikavirusinprimates，andheimmediatelypostsalltheresultsonline.ThegoalistofigureoutwaystofightZikaasquicklyaspossiblewithoutplacinganundueburdenonresearchprimates.TheSeattlebasedAllenInstituteforBrainScience，whichusesrhesusmacaq

5、ues，smallSouthAsianmonkeys，tostudythemolecularbasisofbraindevelopment，alsomakesallresultspublic.O'Connorsaysthispracticeshouldbemorewidespreadsothat“researcherswhoareusingthisscarcebutvitalresourcecanlearnasmuchaspossiblefromasfewanimalsasnecessary”．Still，heisskepticalthatdata

6、sharingwillcatchonbecauseitwouldrequireachangein“normativebehavior”—science'sstrongcultureofsecrecy，inwhichdataarekeptunderwrapsuntiltheyarepublishedinapeerreviewedjournal.Onesteptowardfulltransparencyistofollowtheleadofhumanclinicaltrials，saysChristineGrady，abioethicistattheN

7、IH.U.S.lawrequiresmostclinicaltrialstoregisteronlineandmaketheirresultspublic，evenifastudyfailsorisinconclusive.Thisensuresthatotherresearcherscanlearnfromatrialregardlessofitsresults—amovethatcouldalsosafeguardprimatesagainstbeingusedforthesamethingtwice.NancyHaigwood，directo

8、roftheOregonNationalPrimateResearchCenter，alsosaysdatasharing