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1、Lecture4AmericanRomanticismandNewEnglandLiterature:HermanMelvilleHermanMelville(1819-1891)2.1GeneralIntroduction●HermanMelvilleandhiscontemporaryauthorsexperiencedsuchthingsthattheyarehardtoberecognizedbytheirfellowmen.ThoreauandDickinsonhadfewornocontemporaryreaders.
2、PoeandWhitmanweremisunderstood.AndMelvillesufferedanagonizingneglectparticularlypainfultohissoul,andhesufferedlikeWhitmanwithoutthekindofcompensationthatthelatterlivedtoenjoy.(P79)●Althoughneglectedformanyyears,hewasrediscoveredaround1920andhasbeenenthusiasticallystud
3、iedbycriticsandscholarseversince.Soonafterhisdeath,therewasashortrevivalofinterestinMelville’swork.Manyofhisworkswerepublishedagainandsoweremanyappreciativescholarlyevaluations.AsecondMelvillerevivaltookplaceabout1919.By1930sMelvillescholarshipbecameprominent(HughHeth
4、eringtoncompletedthefirstdoctoraldissertationonMelvilleattheUniv.ofMichiganin1933),and,soonafterthesecondworldwar,aMelvillesocietywasorganized.ThroughthenexttwodecadesMelvilleandhiswritingattractedmoreresearchandscholarshipthananyotherAmericanauthor.2.2Mastersinfluenc
5、inghim●Hawthorn’sinfluence◆Wasdeeplyimpressedbyhisbook◆Hisessay“HawthorneandHisMosses,”indicatesthechangeHawthorne’sMossesfromanOld Mansebroughtaboutinhisoutlookonlifeandontheworld.Hawthorne’sunderstandingofevilimpactedMelville’soriginaldesignofMobyDick,aboutone-thir
6、dofwhichhehadcompletedwhentheymet.Hehadastrongdesiretorevealtheevilinlifeandhumansoulthroughatragedy.◆ForMelville,heneededbadlysb.tounderstandandsympathizewithhisliterarywork,especiallythecompanionshipoftheolderwritercouldreawakenhiscreativeenergy,asneitherunderstandi
7、ngnorsympathywasforthcomingfromhisownfamily.◆Theywerephilosophicallycloselyrelated,andtheyrepresentedapositionoftragichumanismintheirtime.(P80-81)●Others’influence◆Melvillewasaprolificwriter.Inhiswholelifeheenjoyedreading(avoraciousreader:Emerson,Hawthorne,ThomasCarly
8、le,Shelley,ThomasBrowne,Lyell’sGeology,andShakespeare;aseriousreader:wroteglossesandcommentariesasheracedthroughthevolumesth
