戴炜栋英语语言学概论Chapter 1概要.ppt

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1、RequirementsforthecourseLearnsomegeneralconceptsandtheoriesoflinguistics.Usethetheoriestoexplainsomelanguagephenomena.Guidelanguagelearningandlanguageresearch.Readrelatedlinguisticworks.ContentstoLearnIntroductionPhonology音位学Morphology形态学Syntax句法学Semantics语义学Pragmatics语用

2、学LanguageChangeLanguageandSocietyLanguageandCultureLanguageAcquisition语言习得SecondLanguageAcquisitionLanguageandBrainChapter1IntroductionWhatislinguistics?whatislanguage?Whatislinguistics?Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.Itisascientificstudybecau

3、seitisbasedonthesystematicinvestigationoflinguisticdata,conductedwithreferencetosomegeneraltheoryoflanguagestructure.GenerallinguisticsThescopeoflinguisticsphoneticsphonologymorphologysyntaxsemanticspragmaticsAppliedlinguisticsInabroadsense:sociolinguisticspsycholinguist

4、icsneurolinguisticsInanarrowsense:languageteachingThemajorbranchesoflinguistics(1)Phoneticsstudiesthesoundsusedinlinguisticcommunication.Phonologystudieshowsoundsareputtogetherandusedtoconveymeaningincommunication.(soundsystem)Morphologystudieshowthesoundsarearrangedandc

5、ombinedtoformwords.Themajorbranchesoflinguistics(2)Syntaxstudiestheruleswhichgovernhowwordsarecombinedtoformgrammaticallypermissiblesentencesinlanguages.Semanticsstudiesmeaningconveyedbylanguage.Pragmaticsstudiesthemeaninginthecontextoflanguageuse.Someimportantdistinctio

6、nsinlinguisticsprescriptivevs.descriptive(P3)synchronicvs.diachronic(P4)speechandwriting(P4)langueandparole(P4-5)competenceandperformance(P5)traditionalgrammarandmodernlinguistics(P5-6)prescriptivevs.descriptivePrescriptivestudyaimstolaydownrulesfor“correctandstandard”be

7、haviorinusinglanguage.Descriptivestudyaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse.Englishlinguisticsisakindofdescriptivelinguistics.synchronicvs.diachronicSwisslinguist:FerdinanddeSaussure弗迪南·德·索绪尔Synchronicstudystudiesalanguageatsomepointoftimeinhistory.Diachro

8、nicstudystudiesthehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguageoveraperiodoftime.speech&writingSpeechispriortowriting