生物英语证书考试PEC-遗传学常用术语.doc

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1、生物英语证书考试(PEC)-遗传学常用术语Achondroplasia--themostcommonandwellknownformofshortlimbeddwarfismcharacterizedbyanormaltrunksizewithdisproportionallyshortarmsandlegs,andadisproportionallylargehead;autosomaldominantcondition.Advancedmaternalage--womenoverage34(age35atdelivery)atincreasedriskforn

2、ondisjunctiontrisomyinfetus.Alcoholism--achronicandprogressiveconditioncharacterizedbytheinabilitytocontroltheconsumptionofalcohol.Allele--analternativeformofagene;anyoneofseveralmutationalformsofagene.Alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)--aproteinexcretedbythefetusintotheamnioticfluidandfromtherei

3、ntothemother'sbloodstreamthroughtheplacenta.Alurepetitivesequence--themostcommondispersedrepeatedDNAsequenceinthehumangenomeaccountingfor5%ofhumanDNA.ThenameisderivedfromthefactthatthesesequencesarecleavedbytherestrictionendonucleaseAlu.Aminoacidsequence--thelinearorderoftheaminoacids

4、inaproteinorpeptide.Amniocentesis--prenataldiagnosismethodusingcellsintheamnioticfluidtodeterminethenumberandkindofchromosomesofthefetusand,whenindicated,performbiochemicalstudies.Amniocyte--cellsobtainedbyamniocentesis.Amplification--anyprocessbywhichspecificDNAsequencesarereplicated

5、disproportionatelygreaterthantheirrepresentationintheparentmolecules.Aneuploidy--stateofhavingvariantchromosomenumber(toomanyortoofew).(i.e.Downsyndrome,Turnersyndrome).Angelmansyndrome--aconditioncharacterizedbyseverementaldeficiency,developmentaldelayandgrowthdeficiency,puppet-likeg

6、aitandfrequentlaughterunconnectedtoemotionsofhappiness.Apertsyndrome--aconditioncausedbytheprematureclosureofthesuturesoftheskullbones,resultinginanalteredheadshape,withwebbedfingersandtoes.Autosomaldominant.Artificialinsemination--theplacementofspermintoafemalereproductivetractorthem

7、ixingofmaleandfemalegametesbyotherthannaturalmeans.Autosome--anuclearchromosomeotherthantheX-andY-chromosomes.Autoradiograph--aphotographicpictureshowingthepositionofradioactivesubstancesintissues.Bacteriophage--aviruswhosehostisabacterium;commonlycalledphage.Barrbody--thecondensedsin

8、gleX-