生物英语证书考试PEC-生物技术常用词汇.doc

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1、生物英语证书考试(PEC)-生物技术常用词汇A2DPAGETwo-dimensionalpolyacrylamidegelelectrophoresis.Themostcommontechniqueforproteinseparation.Proteinsareseparatedinonedimensionaccordingtotheirsize,andintheseconddimension,accordingtotheircharge(thatis,theirisolectricpoint).Afterseparation,thegelisstainedsothatp

2、roteinspotscanbeseen.22qdeletionsyndromeAsyndromeassociatedwithasmalldeletion(missingsectionofDNA)onchromosome22.ActAlawmadebyParliamentoraprovinciallegislature.TheprocessofmakinganActofParliamentbeginswiththeintroductionofaproposedAct,orbill,inoneofthetwohousesofParliament(theSenateorthe

3、HouseofCommons).AbillbecomesanActifitispassed(approved)bybothhousesandreceivesroyalassent.AlleleAformofagene.Weinheritonealleleofagenefromourmotherandtheotherallelefromourfather.Thesetwoallelescanbethesame(homozygous)ortheycanbedifferent(heterozygous).Allele-specificoligonucleotidehybridi

4、zationTheuseofanoligonucleotideprobetodeterminewhichofthetwoalternativenucleotidesequencesiscontainedinaDNAmolecule.AminoacidThebuildingblockofproteins.ThemessengerRNAtellsthecellwhataminoacidsareneededandwhatordertheymustbearrangedintobuildaparticularprotein.Thereare20differentaminoacids

5、usedinthehumanbody.AmniocentesisAprocedureusedinprenataldiagnosistolookatthechromosomesofthedevelopingfetus.Aflexibleneedleisinsertedintothemother'suterusthroughtheabdomentoremoveasampleofthefluidsurroundingthefetus(amnioticfluid).Thissamplecanthenbeanalysedbykaryotypetolookforchangesinth

6、echromosomes.Theprocedurecanbedoneafter15weeksofpregnancy.Thereisa0.5%riskofmiscarriageassociatedwiththisprocedure,whichmeansonein200womenwillmiscarryfollowingthisprocedure.AneuploidAcellwherethetotalnumberofchromosomesisnotanexactmultipleof23.Thehaploidnumberofchromosomesis23,whichisfoun

7、dintheeggandspermcells.Thediploidnumberis46,whichresultsfromthejoiningoftheeggandsperm.Thetriploidstateof69chromosomesrarelyoccursandisnotcompatiblewithlife.Themostcommonaneuploidnumbersare45(onechromosomeismissing)and47(onechromosomeisadded).AntibioticAnaturalorsyn