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时间:2020-06-05
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1、专业:学号:姓名:装订线南京师范大学生命科学学院2008-2009学年第一学期硕士研究生期末考试《生物统计学》试卷(A)题号一二三四五六总分得分得分一、简答题(每小题4分,共20分)1、最常见的数据类型(Themostcommontypesofdata)答:Quantitativedata,ranked(ordinal)data,andcategorical(nominal)data2、为何需要数据转化(Whydatatransformation)答:threeassumptionsforparametr
2、icanalyses(1)Datafromeachgroupwereobtainedrandomlyfromanormalpopulation;(2)thesampledpopulationsmustallhaveequalvariances(inwhichcaseitcanbesaidthatthevariancesarehomoscedastic);and(3)theeffectsofthefactorlevelsmustbeassumedtobeadditiveDataneedtobetransfo
3、rmediftheaforementionedthreeassumptionsarenotmetwhenemployingparametricandotherrelatedanalyses3、如何从总体抽样(Howtosamplefrompopulations)答:Randomlysampling-randomtableandotherrandomlysamplingmethodsSizeandshapeofsamplesSizeandnumberofsamples-whenprecisionishold
4、constant,thereisaninverserelationshipbetweensizeandnumberofsamplesN=4s2/d24、双因子方差分析的变异来源(Sourcesofvariationintwo-factoranalysisofvariance)答:within(error)groups(samples)SS=S[S(Xij–Xi)2],withingroupsDF=S(ni–1)=N-kamonggroupsSS=Sni(Xi–X)2]=S[(SXij)2/ni]–Camo
5、nggroupDF=k–1totalSS=SS(Xij–X)2=errorSS+groupsSS=SSXij2–CtotalDF=N–1=errorDF+groupsDFC=(SSXij)2/N5、试述统计分析的重要性(Whystatisticalanalysesimportant)答:Manyoftheinvestigationsinlifescienceshavebecomequantitative,inthatagreatmanytypesofenvironmentalobservationscon
6、sistofnumericalfactscalleddata.Aslifeentitiesarecountedormeasured,itbecomesapparentthatsomeobjectivemethodsarenecessarytoaidtheinvestigatorincollecting,presenting,analyzingandreportingresearchdata.Beforedatacanbeanalyzed,theymustbecollected,andherestatist
7、icalconsiderationscanaidinthedesignofexperimentsandinthesettingupofhypothesestobetested.Thus,aknowledgeofbasicstatisticalprinciplesandproceduresisimportantevenbeforeanexperimentisbegun.得分二、基础统计分析(1-2每小题5分,3-5每小题10分,共40分)1、用下表人类头发颜色观测频次(O)的抽样数据,要求:(1)填写头发颜
8、色的理论频次分布;(2)用卡方好适度检测和对数似然比例检测人类黑色、棕色、金色和红色头发颜色是否吻合2:2:2:1的颜色分布。显著性水平为0.05、自由度为3条件下的X2临界值是7.815[Thefollowingdataarerecordedastheobservedfrequencies(O),bywhichyoumayusetotestwhetherthesamplecomesfromapopulationhavinga
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