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1、英国文学重点评述BritishliteratureTheperiodofOldEnglishliteratureextendsfromabout450to1066,theyearoftheNormanConquestofEngland.NormanConquestgreatlychangedEnglish,thelanguage,andEnglandenteredthefeudalperiod.ThemostprevailingkindofliteratureinfeudalEnglandwastheromance.Itwasalongcomposition,sometimesinve
2、rse,sometimesinprose,describingthelifeandadventuresofanoblehero.Thecentralcharacterofromanceswastheknight,amanofnoblebirthskilledintheuseofweapons.Thethemeofloyaltytokingandlordwasrepeatedlyemphasizedinromances,asloyaltywasthecornerstoneoffeudalmorality,withoutwhichthewholestructureoffeudalismwo
3、uldcollapse.Amongallthesekindsofromances,Beowulfwasthemostfamousone.ItisafolklegendbroughttoEnglandbyAnglo-Saxonsfromtheircontinentalhomes.BesidesBeowulf,PiersthePlowmanisanotherfamouspoem.Thepoemsetsforthaseriesofwonderfuldreams,throughwhichwecanseeapictureoffeudalEngland.TheauthorofPiersthePlo
4、wman,WilliamLangland,isamorerealisticwriterwhodealtwiththereligiousandsocialissuesofhisday.However,itisChaucerwho,forthefirsttimeinEnglishliterature,presentedtousacomprehensiverealisticpictureoftheEnglishsocietyofhistimeandcreatedawholegalleryofvividcharactersfromallwalksofhislifeinhismasterpiec
5、eTheCanterburyTales.Chauceristhegreatestwriterofthisperiod.TheRenaissancemarksatransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.Generally,itreferstotheperiodbetweenthe14thandmid-17thcenturies.ItfirststartedinItaly,withthefloweringofpainting,sculptureandliterature.FromItalythemovementspreadthroughtheres
6、tofEurope.TheRenaissance,whichmeansrebirthorrevival,isactuallyamovementstimulatedbyaseriesofhistoricalevents,suchastherediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekculture,thenewdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology,thereligiousreformationandtheeconomicexpansion.TheRenaissance,therefore,inessence,isahistoricalp
7、eriodinwhichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkersandscholarsmadeattemptstogetridofthoseoldfeudalistideasinmedievalEurope,tointroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie,andtorecoverthepurityoftheearlychurchfromtheco
