正义 一场思辨之旅 - 英文读书心得

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1、JUSTICEWhat’sTheRightThingToDo?ReadingReportsIntroduction:MichaelJ.SandelMichaelSandelisoneofthemostpopularcollegeprofessorsinHarvardUniversity.Hehastaughthisundergraduatecourse“Justice”tomorethan15,000Harvardstudentsoverthe20years,ThisbookrevealsSandel'sse

2、cretrecipefortimelessquestionsoflaw,justice,andmorality.1、THEMORALSIDEOFMURDER(唐)2、THECASEFORCANNIBALISM(唐)3、PUTTINGAPRICETAGONLIFE(潘)4、HOWTOMEASUREPLEASURE(潘)5、FREETOCHOOSE(葉)6、WHOOWNSME?(葉)7、THISLANDISMYLAND(邱)8、CONSENTINGADULTS(邱)9、HIREDGUNS(曾)10、MOTHERH

3、OOD:FORSALE(曾)11、MINDYOURMOTIVE(張)12、THESUPREMERINCIPLEOFMORALITY(張)ContentsTHEMORALSIDEOFMURDERIfyouhadtochoosebetween(1)killingonepersontosavethelivesoffiveothersand(2)doingnothingeventhoughyouknewthatfivepeoplewoulddierightbeforeyoureyesifyoudidnothing—w

4、hatwouldyoudo?Whatwouldbetherightthingtodo?That’sthehypotheticalscenarioProfessorMichaelSandelusestolaunchhiscourseonmoralreasoning.Afterthemajorityofstudentsvotesforkillingtheonepersoninordertosavethelivesoffiveothers,Sandelpresentsthreesimilarmoralconundr

5、ums—eachoneartfullydesignedtomakethedecisionmoredifficult.Asstudentsstanduptodefendtheirconflictingchoices,itbecomesclearthattheassumptionsbehindourmoralreasoningareoftencontradictory,andthequestionofwhatisrightandwhatiswrongisnotalwaysblackandwhite.THECASE

6、FORCANNIBALISMSandelintroducestheprinciplesofutilitarianphilosopher,JeremyBentham,withafamousnineteenthcenturylegalcaseinvolvingashipwreckedcrewoffour.Afternineteendayslostatsea,thecaptaindecidestokilltheweakestamongstthem,theyoungcabinboy,sothattherestcanf

7、eedonhisbloodandbodytosurvive.Thecasesetsupaclassroomdebateaboutthemoralvalidityofutilitarianism—anditsdoctrinethattherightthingtodoiswhateverproduces“thegreatestgoodforthegreatestnumber.PUTTINGAPRICETAGONLIFEToday,companiesandgovernmentsoftenuseJeremyBenth

8、am’sutilitarianlogicunderthenameof“cost-benefitanalysis.”Sandelpresentssomecontemporarycasesinwhichcost-benefitanalysiswasusedtoputadollarvalueonhumanlife.Thecasesgiverisetoseveralobjectionstotheutilit