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1、如何学好宾语从句一、宾语从句的概念与位置:所谓宾语从句是指在复合句中充当宾语的句子,宾语从句紧随在主句动词、介词、间接宾语或形容词之后。1)动词之后:Hesaysthathecan’tcometomorrow.2)介词之后:Sheisn’tinterestedinwhatheisdoing.3)间接宾语之后:Canyoutellmewhoheis?4)形容词之后:I’mafraidheisill.二、宾语从句的连词1)宾语从句为陈述句。由that引导,这时that没有词义,只起引导作用,不充当句子成分,在口语或非正式
2、文体中常常省略。eg.Hesays,“IamAmerican.”→Hesays(that)heis15yearsold.Shesaid,“shewantstogohome.”→Shesaid(that)shewantedtogohome.2)宾语从句为一般疑问句时,由连词if或whether引导eg.HashebeentoJapan?Doyouknow?→Doyouknowif/whetherhehasbeentoJapan?Canyouhelpme?Heaskedme.→Heaskedmeif/whetherIco
3、uldhelphim.3)宾语从句为特殊疑问句时,由连接代词或连接副词引导,这时连词有词义,且在宾语从句中充当句子成分,常见的连接代词有:what,who,whom,whose,which;连接副词有:when,where,how,why,howmany,howmuch,howold,howlongetc.eg.Whataretheydoing?Canyoutellus?→Canyoutelluswhattheyaredoing?(在宾语从句中作宾语)Whosepencilisthis?Wedon’tknow→Wed
4、on’tknowwhosepencilthisis.(whose在宾语从句中作pencil的定语并与pencil一起作表语)Whowasthetallestinourclass?Sheasked.→Sheaskedwhowasthetallestinourclass.(作主语)Whendoesthetrainarrive?Wedon’tknow.→Wedon’tknowwhenthetrainarrives.(作时间状语)HowcanIgettothepostoffice?Pleasetellme→Pleasetel
5、lmehowIcangettothepostoffice.(作方式状语)8Howoldisshe?Doyouknow?→Doyouknowhowoldsheis?(作表语)三、宾语从句的语序陈述句语序:主句+连接词+陈述句语序的句子宾语从句四、宾语从句的时态:和主句一致1、当主句为现在时态时,宾语从句的时态不受主句时态的限制,可用所需的任何时态,如:LilyhasgonetoBeijing.Ihear(that)Jimarrivedtwodaysago.Shewillgotherebyplane.2、当主句为过去时态
6、时,宾语从句的时态受主句时态的限制,一般只能用表示过去的某种时态,即:一般现在时~一般过去时一般过去时~过去完成时现在进行时~过去进行时一般将来时~过去将来时现在完成时~过去完成时过去进行时~过去进行时过去完成时~过去完成时1)Shesaid,“Wehopeso.”→Shesaid(that)theyhopedso.2)Jeansaid,“Hewillgotoseehisfriend.”→Jeansaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend.3)Shesaid,“Itoldherthenewsyesterd
7、ay.”→Shesaidshehadtoldherthenewsthedaybefore.3.比较:1)Hesays,“Iam15yearsold.”→Hesays(that)heis15yearsold.Hesaid,“Iam15yearsold.” →Hesaid(that)hewas15yearsold.2)Lucysays,’’IliveinChongqing.’’→Lucysays(that)shelivesinChongqing.Lucysaid,’’IliveinChongqing.’’→Lucysai
8、d(that)shelivedinChongqing.五、注意:81、主句:过去时态宾语从句说明的是客观真理或客观事实时,宾语从句的时态不受主句时态的限制,即时态不变。eg.Ourteachersaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.我们老师说光的传播速度比声音快多了。Theteachertoldmeth