资源描述：
《英美概况备考资料.doc》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、英美概况备考资料!---名词解释部分1. theHardian’sWall:ItwasoneofthetwogreatwallsbuiltbytheRomanstokeepthePictsoutoftheareatheyhadconquered.2. AlfredtheGreatAlfredwasastrongkingofthewisemen.ItwascreatedbytheAnglo-Saxonstoadvisetheking.It’sthebasisofthePrivyCouncilwhic
2、hstillexiststoday.3. WilliamtheConquerorWilliamwasDukeofNormandy.HelandedhisarmyinOct,1066anddefeatedkingHarold.ThenhewascrownedkingofEnglandonChristamsDaythesameyear.HeestablishedastrongNormangovernmentandthefeudalsysteminEngland.4. thebattleofHastin
3、gsIn1066,KingEdwarddiedwithnoheir,theWitanchoseHaroldasking.William,DukeofNormandy,invadedEngland.OnOctober14,thetwoarmiesmetnearHasting.Afteraday’sbattle,Haroldwaskilledandhisarmycompletelydefeated.SothisbattlewasveryimportantonthewayoftheRomanconquest
4、.5. DomesdayBookUnderWilliam,thefeudalsystemwasestablished.WilliamsentofficialstocompileapropertyrecordknownasDomesdayBook,whichcompletedin1086.ItwastheresultofageneralsurveyofEnglandmadein1085.Itstatedtheextent,value,thepopulation,stateofcultivation,a
5、ndownershipoftheland.ItseemedtotheEnglishliketheBookofdoomonJudgementDay.6. theGreatCharterKingJohn’sreigncausedmuchdiscontentamongthebarons.In1215,hewasforcedtosignadocument,knownasMangnaCara,ortheGreatCharter.Ithas63clauses.Thoughithaslongbeenregarde
6、dasthefoundationofEnglishliberities,itsspiritwasthelimitationoftheking’spowers,keepingthemwithintheboundsofthefeudallawoftheland.7. theHundredYears’WarItreferredtotheintermittentwarbetweenFranceandEnglandthatlastfrom1337to1453.Thecauseswerepartlyterrit
7、orialandpartlyeconomic.WhenEdwardIIIclaimedtheFrenchCrownbuttheFrenchrefusedtorecognize,thewarbrokeout.AtfirsttheEnglishweresuccessful,butintheend,16theyweredefeatedandlostalmostalltheirpossessionsinFrance.TheexpellingoftheEnglishwasablessingforbothcoun
8、tries.8. JoanofArcShewasanationalheroineofFranceduringtheHundredYears’War.ShesuccessfullyledtheFrenchtodrivetheEnglishoutofFrance.9. theBlackDeathItwasthedeadlybubonicplaguewhospreadthroughEuropeinthe14thcentury.ItsweptthroughE
