英美概况期末复习资料

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1、USThefullnameofAmericaistheUnitedStatesofAmerica。TheAmericanflagisoftencalledthe“TheStarsandStripes”.TheAmericananthem圣歌isoftencalledthe“TheStar-SpangledBanner”.2.LocationandSizeP.169ThemainlandoftheU.S.A.islSituatedinthesouthofNorthAmerica,mainlywithi

2、nthenortherntemperatezone;lFacingthePacificOceanonthewest.ItprovidesconvenientsearoutesforAmerica’sforeigntradewiththeFarEast;lBorderingontheAtlanticOceantotheeast.TheAtlanticisstillthemostimportantsearoutefromAmericantoEuropeandtheMiddleEast;lBorderin

3、gontheGulfofMexicotothesouth;Twolandneighbours:CanadatothenorthandMexicotothesouth；★Itconsistsof50statesofwhichtwo(AlaskaandHawaii)areseparatedfromthecontinentalU.S.A.★河流图P.203lTheoldimmigration—thosewhowere“pushedout”ofEuropeandcametosettleinAmericabe

4、fore1860.lThenewimmigration—thosewhowere“pulledto”Americabyexpectationofgoodjobsandhighincomeafter1860.TheChinese-Americans(over1million)A.Beforethe1920s:Beforethe1920s,therewasnonumericalrestrictiononimmigrationinAmerica,althoughthe1882ChineseExclusiv

5、eActbannedChineseimmigrationforyearsandmadeitimpossibleforChineseimmigrantstobecomenaturalizedcitizens.B.The1920sand1930s:mainlyEnglishC.From1965to1980:racialdiscriminationisabolished.种族歧视被废除★ThefirstimmigrationupsurgeoftheChinese—theCaliforniaGoldRush

6、in1849.★ThesecondimmigrationupsurgeoftheChinese—theconstructionoftheUScontinentalrailroadintheearly1860s.★ImmigrationlawsinhistoryP.177The1882ChineseExclusiveActbannedChineseimmigrationforyearsandmadeitimpossibleforChineseimmigrantstobecomenaturalizedc

7、itizens.The1920sand1930s:The1921EmergingQuotaActandthe1924NationalOriginsAct(togetherknownastheImmigrationQuotaLaw移民入境限额法setlimitsonthenumberofimmigrantsfromeachcountrybasedon“nationalorigin”(thenumberofpeopleallowedtoenterAmericafromeachcountrywasbase

8、donthenumberofpeoplefromthatcountryalreadylivinginAmerica),makingiteasyforthoseofNorthEuropeanbackgroundtoenterthecountry,restrictingthoseofSouthandEastEuropeanbackgroundandexcludingAsians.The1924Acttookeffectin1929andremainedvaliduntil